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Q2 - WEEK1B - Defending Stand On An Issue

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Q2 - WEEK1B - Defending Stand On An Issue

issue

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frsclprps
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DEFENDING

STAND ON AN
ISSUE
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Determine the different core


types of appeal
• Present reasonable arguments
and factual evidence to defend
a stand
TODAY’S WORDS 

a. STAND - an attitude toward a particular issue; a position


taken in an argument: point of view
b. CLAIMS - statements that support the author’s stand.
ARGUMENTS.
c. EVIDENCE – proofs or facts to support the claim
d. APPEAL – the power of arousing a sympathetic
response. ATTRACTION
PICTURE PERFECT!
CLAIM
ARGUMENT

D C
N R
TA SO E
D
U IB
S R
C LE
ES

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC


Defending Stand on an Issue
A claim without evidence is merely an opinion. In order to
defend a stand on a particular issue or topic, your claim
must be embedded with adequate evidences.
Directions: Read each of the statement below then
identify which of the argument are supported with
properly cited factual evidences and which are not.

1. Everybody has a significant role to play in protecting


ourselves from the COVID19 and help in preventing
the spread of the disease.
2. According to Job Zafe Jr., CLMD Chief , Region IV-A
stated that Learning continuity Plan is the response of
the region in order to ensure that education continues
in the midst of adversities that may hamper the
delivery of learning.
3. “We thought we may not see a big second wave,” said Shahid
Jameel, a virologist at Ashoka University in Sonipat, India. “Obviously,
we were wrong because we didn’t account for both the introductions
and indigenous development of new variants.”

4. The Chinese and Philippine officials should make


constructive efforts and avoid any unprofessional remarks
which may further fan irrational emotions amidst of their
dispute in the West Philippine Sea.
5. Poor attendance in school
can influence whether
children can read proficiently.
Kinds of Support
Author Use
• Writers are generally most
successful with their audiences
when they can skillfully and
appropriately balance the three
core types of appeals.
• These appeals are referred to by
their Greek names: .
logos (the appeal to logic),
pathos (the appeal to emotion),
ethos (the appeal to authority).
LOGICAL APPEALS
Authors using logic to support their claims will include a combination
of different types of evidence. These include the following:
• established facts
• case studies
• statistics
• experiments
• analogies and logical reasoning
• citation of recognized experts on the issue
English Composition I (quillbot.com)
AUTHORITATIVE APPEALS
Authors using authority to support their claims can also
draw from a variety of techniques. These include the
following:
• personal anecdotes
• illustration of deep knowledge on the issue
• citation of recognized experts on the issue
• testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue
English Composition I (quillbot.com)
EMOTIONAL APPEALS
Authors using emotion to support their claims again
have a deep well of options to do so. These include
the following:
• personal anecdotes
• narratives
• impact studies
• testimony of those involved first-hand on the issue
English Composition I (quillbot.com)
TIPS TO DEFEND ONE’S STAND
ON AN ISSUE
• Argue the point, not the person. Discuss why
their point is wrong and your point is right.
• Use data and research as much as you can.
Attack the idea with data, statistics and
research. Your opinion should be supported by
using data that has been confirmed as valid
TIPS TO DEFEND ONE’S STAND
ON AN ISSUE
• Don’t put words in your opponent’s mouth. When you are
quoting your opponent, use the statement as it was
intended to be used. Do not try to fabricate what the
meaning of a sentence was or add/subtract words to suit
your needs.
• Don't go on a tangent. Present organized and on-point
arguments. Make sure not to confuse your audience after
reading your post. If you want to persuade people, stay
focused on your topic and continue to make valid points.
TIPS TO DEFEND ONE’S STAND
ON AN ISSUE
• Stay positive, polite, and professional. Everyone
who is reading your debate is judging you and
your opponent. The audience quickly loses
interest when people rant and go off tangent or
attack other persons. Don’t be rude, or
meanspirited. They want to follow the
professional, because they are professional.
Guidelines in presentation of reasonable
arguments and factual evidences to
defend a stand:
• C - ontains a clear proposition or statement that must be
defended
• A - ssesses conflicting opinions or opposing views on the
issue
• T - akes a firm stand on the issue
• L - ists arguments in an organized manner to defend the
stand
• C -onsider your audience/reader
Activity 2: Defend Your Stand
Directions: Given the issue, write your
stand. Defend it using your
claims/arguments. For each argument,
give an evidence.
Issue: Cycling to commute to work or
school
Stand: In favor
Argument: Health benefits, environment-friendly
Evidence: Cycling as a mode of transport should be promoted since it has
several health benefits. It’s easy on the joints. When you sit on a bike, you put
your weight on a pair of bones in the pelvis called the ischial tuberosities. “That
makes it good for anyone with joint pain or related stiffness,” says Dr. Clare
Safran-Norton, a physical therapist at Harvard -affiliated Brigham and Women’s
Hospital. In addition, it can save nonrenewable resources. According to the
Encyclopedia of Energy, bicycles can cover a given distance using one-
thousandth of the fuel that an automobile uses. It cuts down on greenhouse gas
emissions and global climate change and reduces pollutants.
Issue: Wearing of School
Uniform
Stand:
Argument:
Evidence:
Reference:
Issue: Bringing of mobile phone
to school
Stand:
Argument:
Evidence:
Reference:
DEFEND
Instructions: Fill out the box with
TOPIC the needed information. Have a
brief yet clear answer in a
STAND/POSITION
separate sheet of paper.
EXPLANATION
Issue: The Philippines is the only
EVIDENCE country in the world which does not
legalize divorce, aside from the
Vatican City in Rome. Divorce is
opposed by many Filipino legislators
CONCLUSION because they believe it will destroy
Filipino families and will be
detrimental to the children. However,
despite ban of divorce in the country,
progressing number of infidelity,
illegitimate children and broken
homes are undeniably a reality.

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