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Project Evaluation

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15 views

Project Evaluation

Uploaded by

semir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT
MONITORING AND
EVALUATION
Project monitoring and
evaluation
• Project is any scheme, or part of a scheme, for
investing resources which can be reasonably
analysed and evaluated as an independent unit.
• While the project is being carried out, continuous
monitoring is required to satisfy project
implementers that things are proceeding according
to plan.
• Monitoring typically requires the putting in place of a
systematic information gathering and management
system that can check the progress of the project
according to the plans drawn up and objectives laid
out.
• Project evaluation is a systematic and objective
assessment of an ongoing or completed project. 1 The
aim is to determine the relevance and level of
achievement of project objectives, development
effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability.
Project monitoring and
evaluation
• Evaluations also feed lessons learned into the
decision-making process of the project
stakeholders, including donors and national
partners.
• Project Evaluation is the final phase in the project
cycle and involves a step-by-step process of
collecting, recording and organizing information
about project results, including short-term
outputs (immediate results of activities, or project
deliverables), and immediate and longer-term
project outcomes (changes in behavior, practice
or policy resulting from the project).
Project Evaluation
Rationale for project evaluation: Common
rationales for conducting project evaluation are:
• Response to demands for accountability;
• Demonstration of effective, efficient and
equitable use of financial and other resources;
• Recognition of actual changes and progress
made;
• Identification of success factors, need for
improvement or where expected outcomes are
unrealistic;
• Validation for project staff and partners that
desired outcomes are being achieved.
Project Evaluation
Why is Project Evaluation
important?
Evaluating project results is helpful in
providing answers to key questions like:
• What progress has been made?
• Were the desired outcomes achieved? Why?
• Are there ways that project activities can be
refined to achieve better outcomes?
• Do the project results justify the project
inputs?
Project Evaluation
• Project evaluation and appraisal are often referred to
together as project assessment. Though appraisal and
evaluation deal with similar issues, They have a different
purpose and are performed in completely different phases of
a project.
• Project appraisal is concerned with assessing, in advance,
whether a project is worthwhile and therefore if it should be
proceeded with. The process of project evaluation is
concerned with assessing, in a retrospective sense, the
performance of a project after it has been implemented and
completed.
• Appraisal is done before, and as such is a
predictive/prospective action. It is related to defining
objectives, ways to reach them, risks involved and estimation
of costs/benefits of each available option.
• Project evaluation is done after, and involves analysis of the
past and looking at what was done and means to improve it.
Project Evaluation
What are the Challenges in Monitoring
and Evaluation?
• getting the commitment to do it;
• establishing base lines at the beginning of
the project;
• identifying realistic quantitative and
qualitative indicators;
• finding the time to do it and sticking to it;
• getting feedback from your stakeholders;
• reporting back to your stakeholders.
Project Evaluation
• Evaluation thus helps bring out elements of
strength and weakness, success or failure. The
results are valuable in planning future projects
and in attempts to avoid repeating or
committing ‘mistakes’.
• The primary purpose of evaluation in project
management is to assess performance, reveal
areas where the project deviates from goals,
and uncover extant or potential problems so
they can be corrected.
Project Evaluation
• Two kinds of evaluation occur in projects.
(1) Formative evaluation happens throughout the
project life cycle and provides information to guide
corrective action. Formative evaluation is designed
to pilot the project as it progresses. It asks the
questions “What is happening?” and “How is the
project proceeding?”

(2) Summative evaluation occurs after the project is


completed and focuses on the end product or result.
Summary evaluation is designed to appraise the
project after completion. It addresses the questions
“What happened?” and “What were the results?”
Project Evaluation
• Project evaluation appraises the progress and
performance of a job compared to what was
originally planned. Evaluation provides the basis
for management decisions on how to proceed
with the project. The evaluation must be credible
in the eyes of everyone affected, or decisions
based on it will not be considered valid.
• The primary tool for project evaluation is the
project process review, which is usually conducted
at major milestones throughout the life of the
project.
• Delays in implementation and consequent
increases in project cost are very common. Such
delays may lead to the over-run of costs and time.
Project Evaluation
The following are reasons mainly considered for
implementation of projects with out delay:
– Adequate formulation of projects: often delays
occur because of insufficient preliminary studies
and inadequate formulation of project.
– Use of the principle of responsibility accounting: by
assessing definite responsibilities to project
managers for completing the project on time, a
sense of time consciousness can be installed. This
helps in expeditious implementation.
– Use of network techniques: network techniques like
PERT and CPM are helpful in project planning and
control.
– Exercise of proper control: proper control over the
expenditure needs to be exercised in order to
minimize the over-run of cost as well as time in the
projects.

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