Phrases & Clauses
Phrases & Clauses
Phrases
A phrase is a group of words that work
together as a single unit within a sentence.
A phrase does not contain both a subject and
a verb, which means it doesn’t stand alone as
a complete sentence. Instead, it acts as a
part of a sentence.
6. Genitive Phrases
1. Noun Phrase (NP)
Example:
Example:
The dog was barking loudly.
Example:
The book was very interesting.
More Examples:
The house was extremely beautiful.
He is quite tall for his age.
. Adverbial Phrase (AdvP)
An adverbial
4 phrase is a group of words that
function as an adverb, modifying a verb, adjective,
or other adverb. These phrases explain "how,"
"when," "where," or "to what extent."
Example:
She spoke with great enthusiasm.
More Examples:
He ran as fast as he could.
They arrived after the party.
5. Prepositional Phrase (PP)
Example:
The cat is on the table.
More Examples:
She walked through the park.
The book is under the bed.
6. Genitive Phrases
Example:
He likes to play the guitar.
More Examples:
She came here to learn English.
His goal is to become a doctor.
. Gerund Phrase
Example:
Running in the park is my favorite activity.
More Examples:
Reading books is enjoyable.
She enjoys swimming in the pool.
8. Participle Phrase
Example:
Smiling brightly, she greeted the audience.
More Examples:
Broken by the storm, the tree fell down.
Having finished the exam, he relaxed.
Key Points to Remember:
Example:
She reads books.
More Examples:
I like ice cream.
They are playing football.
2.Dependent Clause (Subordinate
Clause)
A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a
complete sentence because it does not express a
complete thought. It also contains a subject and a
verb, but it relies on an independent clause to
make sense.
Example:
Because she reads books, she is very
knowledgeable.
Example:
When the rain stopped, we went outside.
More Examples:
Because he was late, he missed the bus.
Although it was raining, they played the match.
2)Adjective Clause (Relative
Clause)
An adjective clause functions as an adjective and
modifies a noun or pronoun in the sentence. It
often begins with relative pronouns like who,
whom, whose, which, or that.
Example:
The book that you gave me is very interesting.
More Examples:
The girl who won the prize is my sister.
This is the movie that I told you about.
3. Noun Clause
A noun clause functions as a noun within a
sentence. It can act as the subject, object, or
complement in a sentence. Noun clauses often
begin with words like that, what, whatever, who,
whom, whomever, whether, etc.
Example:
What he said surprised everyone.
More Examples:
I don’t know where she is.
The teacher believes that you can succeed.
Example:
Because she was tired, she went to bed early.
2. Independent Clause + Dependent Clause
Example:
She went to bed early because she was tired.
Example:
She runs every morning.
Example:
She runs every morning, and she swims every
afternoon.
Example:
She runs every morning because she enjoys it.
Example:
She runs every morning because she enjoys it, and
she swims every afternoon when the pool is open.