Lesson

4
Components of
the K-12
curriculum
Objectives
in this lesson, you will be able to:

*enumerate the components of the K to 12

English Curriculum:

*explain how each of these components to the

overall framework of the curriculum; and

*Analyze each of the components' implementation

in the curriculum,
 4
components
1. LANGUAGE of
LEARNING
PROCESS
curriculum
2. EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE USE
3. MAKING MEANING THROUGH
LANGUAGE
4. HOLISTIC ASSESSMENT
 A. Language learning
process
1.SPIRAL
PROGRESION
- based on the work of Brunner (1960) on
the spiral curriculum following the
hypothesis that even complex topics be
thought to learners at any stage of
development when structures are
 Key features of this approach

a. the student revisits a topic, theme, or

subject several times throughout their
school career,
b. the complexity of the topic or theme
increases with each revisit, and
c. new learning has a relationship with
old learning and is put in context
 2.
As language is used in various forms of
Interaction
communication (oral and written),
activities promoting interaction among
learners solidifies concepts learned. These
could be more effective when activities
are framed to emulate real-life situations
with real-life language demands such as
purpose, topics, and audiences, which
place the learners in communicative
situations using authentic socialization
 3.
Integration
Creating authentic class activities in the
teaching of language skills could be more
effective if they are integrated with other
skills and values. Furthermore, integrating
language lessons with other concepts from
other learning areas and discipline also help
learners in creating meaning.
 4. Learner-
centeredness
As the curriculum focuses on the
learner, teachers would be able to
engage them with the use of
differentiated instruction. This
should be based on the learners'
needs, skills, abilities, and
interests.
 5.
Contextualization
As mentioned, language learning is more
effective if activities are designed around
the appropriate contexts. Lessons could
be planned around learning outcomes,
themes, or an appropriate text. Context
makes learners think about language use
to suit the audience. the situation,
culture, or purpose.
 6.
As ConstructIon
the core of the curriculum is
meaning-making, learning tasks
and activities designed around self-
reflection, critical thinking, and
creation should take place in
language lessons
B. Effective language
use
Applications of the language
macroskills focus on
understanding cultures,
understanding language, and
processes and strategies. The use
of language under these areas
describe how the language
 Understanding cultures
Learning another language gives one another
perspective of the world. One gets to view the things
around from the lens of another culture through
literature and communication. As such, sociolinguistic
skill, the ability to use language appropriately, is one of
the main focus of the curriculum. This could be
expressed in the learners capacity to apply language in
a plethora of complex social situations, and to aptly
respond to these situations using varied strategies
 Understanding
language
.In order to create meaning, learners need to
understand the intricacies of the language. This
involves understanding of how words are formed,
the structure of sentences, and how the little
nuances in language use, accompanied by
nonverbal gestures contribute to meaning. Learners
can also use their understanding of their mother
tongue in order to learn a new language.
 Process and
As strategies
learner get to be exposed to the more
opportunities to use language, they get use a
number of processes and strategies to adapt
to situations depending to audience, context,
and purpose. They may come up with novel
ways to solve problems and adjust to
difficulties. They may experiment on various
ways to find answers such as asking questions,
 C. MAKING MEANING
THROUGH LANGUAGE
As language is the major tool for
communication, teachers should ensure
that activities presented to learners should
engage them to use language in varied
purposes and topics. As such, every
opportunity must be given to the learners
to use language in contexts, in which they
could practice developing their own
understanding and sharing them with
others using the five strands of the
D.
✓ HOLISTIC ASSESSMENT

Assessment is an important part of the

teaching and learning process. It helps
the teachers gauge the learners'
progress and development. Furthermore,
when done right, assessment results
could provide teachers some feedback to
adjust their teaching to suit the needs of
the learners. The K to 12 Curriculum
describes the following characteristics of
 Proximity to actual
language use and
As
performance
described before, activities in the
classroom should consider authentic
contexts of language use. Assessments in
classroom should also help learners apply
their understanding of language in
situations mirroring real-life exercise of
 HOLISTIC view of
language
Holistic view of language. As language
skills (listening, speaking. reading, and
writing) are not used purely in
isolation, assessment strategies
should reflect their integrative nature.
These approaches should also take
into consideration the holistic nature
 Integrative view of
learning
Assessment should not only took into the
academic performance of learner. Since
language is taken as in such an integrative
approach, learning it should also consider
the multitude of ways learners learn.
Assessment should attempt to capture the
different skills and abilities of the learners,
 Developmental
appropriateness
Steps must also be taken to ensure that
assessment activities are appropriate to
the learners cognitive, social, and
academic abilities with their level
 Multiple referencing
Lastly, assessments developed for
the learner should have been
designed based on various
information about the learners.
Again, the assessments should be
based on understanding the
learners' needs and abilities.
Thank
you