Taking Fingerprint

Impressions
• A. Pressure- the pressure on the fingers, while
rolling, should be light and even.
• B. Removing Fingers from Card- as each finger is
completely rolled, it must be lifted with a quick,
upward movement from the card.
• C. Rolling the Thumbs and Fingers- the thumb is
rolled from the inside edge of the nail to the
outside of the opposite edge of the nail, thus the
right thumb is rolled from the right to left, and the
left thumb from left to right.
 The fingers of the right hand are rolled from
left to right, and the fingers of the left hand are
rolled from right to left.
Note:
• Make sure that the characteristics of each
individual print are clear and present.

• Loop (will have a core and a delta)

• Whorl (will have two deltas)
• Arch
• Accidental (is a variation of two or more patterns)
Fingerprint Impressions
• Too light-
 Caused by dry skin, this may be remedied by first
cleaning the fingers and apply lotion sparingly
and wipe any excess
 Too little pressure
 Too little ink.
 Too Dark
 Usually caused by wet or oily skin- used alcohol
based cleaner
 Excessive pressure
 Too much ink
Reasons for poor quality inked
impressions
• Poor Ink
• Improper Cleaning
• Incomplete Inking
• Improper Rolling
• Excessive Inking
Ready for first
lab?
To bring………….
• Wet tissue
• Alcohol/Soap/ detergent liquid (Any)

• Remember- do not touch wall or anything at the

lab while your hands have ink…
• CLAYGO
• Hands off
Fingerprint
In its narrow sense is an
impression left by the
friction ridges of a human
finger.
Fingerprint
Patterns
Fingerprint Patterns
• It refers to the general
formation of the ridges
within the pattern area.
• Divided into three large
groups: These are:
1. Arches
2. Loops
3. Whorls
Arch
• A pattern in which the ridges flow from one side to the
other side without recurving. It has no delta and Core. Its
frequency of appearance in all fingers is five percent.
• Characteristics
• The ridges flow without recurving
• No delta and core
• No ridge count

• Plain Arch- This pattern contains no backwards turn,

recurves or deltas, no upward trust ridge
• Tented Arch-the ridges near the center of the print have
an upward thrust arranging themselves as it were on both
sides of a spin or axis. The pattern thus formed is
reminiscent of a tent
Arch Patterns
• Plain Arch- This pattern
contains no backwards turn,
recurves or deltas, no
upward trust ridge

• Tented Arch-the ridges near

the center of the print have
an upward thrust arranging
themselves as it were on
both sides of a spin or axis.
The pattern thus formed is
reminiscent of a tent.
Loop Pattern
• pattern in which the ridges start at
one side of the pattern goes toward
the upper corner of the opposite
side, then recurve and start back
toward the side from which they
came originally, forming a loop with
core in the center and a delta at the
edge of the pattern area.
• 65 % among all fingerprint patterns
• Characteristics
• There must be a sufficient recurve
• There must be delta and core
• There must be a ridge count of at least
one.
Radial Loop and Ulnar Loop
• Radial Loop is derived from the bone found at the
side of the thumb finger of the hand called Radius
bone.
• Ulnar Loop is termed after the bone of the forearm
located the side of the little fingers of both hands
called Ulna Bone.
Distinction Between Ulnar and
Radial Loop
Whorl
• It is a pattern in which the formation of the ridges
are usually circular or spiral.
• Have two or more deltas.
• Occurs about 30 percent of all fingerprint
patterns.
• Types
• Plain Whorl
• Central Pocket whorl
• Double Loop Whorl
• Accidental Whorl
 Plain Whorl
• It is a pattern, in which one or
more of the ridges from a
series of circle or spiral at the
center of the pattern.
• This pattern may be an oval,
spiral, circular or any variant
of a circle.
• When an imaginary line is
drawn from one delta to the
other, at least recurving ridge
within the inner pattern is cut
or touch.
Central Pocket Whorl
• Consist of at least one
recurving ridge, or an
obstruction at right
angles to the line of
flow, with the deltas,
between which when
imaginary line is
drawn, no recurving
ridge with the pattern
area is cut or touched.
• Peacock eye …
Double Loop Whorl
• Is a pattern
consist of two
separate loop
formation with
two distinct and
separate and
distinct shoulder
of the loop
occupying two
separate
recurving lines.
Accidental Whorl
• Is a pattern in which consist of two or more type o
pattern in a single pattern area with the exception
of plain arch, or a pattern in which possess some
of the requirements for two or more types; or a
pattern that conforms to none of the definitions.
• An accidental whorl maybe a combination of whorl
and loop, whorl and tented arch, loop and tented
arch, loop and central pocket , double loop and
central pocket, or other such combinations.
Types lines
(Diverging
Ridge)
These are the
to innermost
ridges that
start parallel,
diverge,
surround or
tend to
surround the
pattern area.
Pattern Area
• Is the area surrounded by
the type lines, where the
core, delta, ridges and
furrows are located.
Type Lines and Pattern Area
Two Focal Points
in Fingerprints
Delta
• It is defined as the
first obstruction
ridge at or in front of
and nearest the
center of the point of
divergence of the
type lines.
• Also known as the
“Outer Terminus”
Forms of Delta
1. Bifurcation
2. Short Ridge
3. Ending Ridge
Forms Of Delta
4. Convergence
5. Dot
6. Recurving Ridge
Assignment
Recitation/Board Work
Rules in Delta Selection
1. The delta should not be located in the
bifurcation which is not open towards the
core. In order the bifurcation to be consider
as a delta it must be open towards the core.
Rules in Delta Selection
2. When there are presence of bifurcation
and another form of delta. The bifurcation is
always chosen provided it is open towards
the core.
3. When them are series of bifurcation
opening towards the core, both of them are
equally close to the point of divergence of
the two type lines, the one nearest to the
core would be chosen.
• 4. When there are two or more possible
forms of delta other than bifurcation, the
one nearest to the core would be chosen.
• 5. The delta may not be located in the
middle of a short ridge running between
the type lines toward the core, but at the
nearer end only.
 Core
 It is otherwise known as
the “Inner Terminus”
 It is the point on the
ridge formation usually
located at the
approximate center or
heart of the fingerprint
pattern.
Rules in the
Selection of
Core Location
1. The core is placed upon or within
the innermost suffi cient recurve.
2. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains
no ending ridge or rod rising as high as the
shoulders of the loop, the core is placed upon the
shoulder of the loop farther from the delta.
3. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains
an uneven number of rods rising as high as the
shoulder, the core is placed upon the end of the
center rod whether it touches the looping ridge or
not.
• 4. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains
an even number of rods rising as high as the
shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the
farther one of the two center rods, the center rods
being treated as though they were connected by a
recurving ridge.
Ridge Counting
Counting Ridges (Loop
Patterns)
Rules in Ridge Counting
1. Locate the exact points of the core and delta.
2. Draw an imaginary line from the core to the
delta.
3. Count all ridges which touch or cross an
imaginary line drawn between the core and the
delta.
4. Never include the core and delta in the count.
5. Incipient ridges are never counted, no matter
where they appear.
Numerical Values for Counting
of Ridges
• A ridge or dot is given one ridge count.
• A short ridge is given one ridge count
• A long ridge is given one ridge count.
• An abrupt-ending ridge is given one ridge count.
• A bifurcation or bifurcating ridge-if the imaginary
line crosses its two branches or its bifurcating
point then it is given a count of two.
• Ridge enclosure are counted as two ridges.
• Criss-Crossing or meeting is counted as two
ridges.
Three Large Group of
Fingerprint
1. Arches
 Are those patterns in which the ridges flow
from one side to the other side without recurring.
 It has no delta and core.
 It occurs about 5% of all fingerprints.
Elements of Arches
• The ridges flow without recurving.
• It must have no delta and core
• It must have no ridge count.
Taking
Fingerprints
Ink
Fingerprint Equipment
Types of Fingerprint
Impression