Printed

Circuit Board
Manufacturing

Presented by:
M. Pratusha-21261A0439
Meghna Goud-21261A0440
Ruhika Manomay-21261A0449
V Varsha-21261A0459
What Is PCB?
• PCB stands for Printed Circuit Board.
• It is a flat board used in electronics to mechanically support and
electrically connect electronic components using conductive
pathways, tracks, or signal traces etched from copper sheets
laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.
• The components on a PCB can include resistors, capacitors, diodes,
transistors, and integrated circuits, among several others.
• The circuits are designed on the boards with copper tracks instead of
wires for the conduction of electricity between the electronic
components.
 Single-Sided PCBs
Types of These have a single layer of copper
on one side of the substrate. They
are simple and inexpensive but

PCBs
limited in complexity

Double-Sided PCBs
These have copper layers on both
sides of the substrate, allowing for
more complex circuits.

Multi-Layer PCBs
These consist of several layers of
copper separated by insulating layers.
They are used in more complex and
compact devices, like computer
motherboards and advanced
communications equipment.
 • Substrate: The base material of a PCB, typically made of
Structure fiberglass (FR4) or other non-conductive materials. This
provides the PCB with its rigidity and thickness.

of a PCB • Copper Layer: A thin layer of copper foil is laminated to

the substrate. This layer can be on one side (single-sided
PCB) or both sides (double-sided PCB) of the substrate. In
multi- layer PCBs, there are multiple layers of copper
separated by layers of substrate.
• Solder Mask: A protective layer that covers the copper to
prevent short circuits and corrosion. It is usually green, but
other colors like red, blue, or black can also be used.
• Silkscreen: This is the layer where component
designators, part numbers, and other identifying
information are printed. It helps in the assembly and
troubleshooting of the PCB.
 • Draw the schematic circuit diagram
1) DESIGN THE with the PCB layout software.Using CAD
PCB CIRCUIT software, Eagle and Multisim software.
• This type of PCB design software contains a
WITH SOFTWARE

Design
library of components that can be used to
build the circuit.
• It allows you to change the circuit design's
position, modification according to your

Process
convenience and requirement.

• The film is generated from the

2) FILM
of PCB
finalized circuit board diagram of
the PCB layout software which is
GENERATION send to the manufacturing unit
where the negative image or mask
is printed out on a plastic sheet.
3) Selection of Raw Material
• The bulk of the printed circuit board is made with an
unbreakable glass or fiberglass having copper foil bonded
onto one or both the sides of the board.
• The PCBs made from unbreakable paper phenolic with
a bonded copper foil. These are less expensive and
are often used in household electrical devices.
• Mostly 0.059 industry standard thick, copper clad laminate,
either single or double sided board is required.
• Panels may be sheared to contain many boards of different
sizes.

4) Preparing Drill Holes

• Machines and carbide drills are used to put holes on the
printed circuit board There are two types of machines
available to drill the PCBs.
• They include hand machines and CNC machines.
• The hand machines require human intervention or effort
to drill the holes. CNC machines are computer-based
machines.
• It work-based on the machine timetables or programs that run
both automatic as well as manually.
• The drilled pattern is stored in the computer like drill bit sizes,
number of holes per panel, drilled stack, drilled time per load,
etc.
• The PCB boards are placed into the CNC machine.
• The holes are drilled according to the determined pattern to
place printed circuit board components.
5) Apply Image
• The following steps are used to print the PCB layout through a laser
printer:
• Take a clean and neat copper paper and place it on the laser printer.
• Next, store the designed layout film in the computer.
• A laser printer prints the designed circuit layout on a copper paper
whenever it gets a print command from the computer

6) Stripping and Etching

• Stripping and Etching process involves removing the unwired
copper on the PCBs.
• Using different types of chemicals like ferric chloride, ammonium
per-sulphate, etc. make the solvent by mixing 1% of sodium
hydroxide pellets to one liter of water.
• Mix the composition until everything is dissolved.
• The PCB is put on a chemical bowl and cleaned up with a brush.
• During this process, if the PCB is still greasy, due to applied
sunflower or seed oil, the developing process may take about 1
minute.
7) Testing
• After finishing the manufacturing process of the
PCB, the board undergoes a testing process to
check whether the PCB is working properly.
• While the power is off, visual inspection,
automated optical inspection. JEDEC guidelines
for PCB component placement, soldering, and
inspection are commonly used to maintain quality
control in this stage of PCB manufacturing
• While the power is on, in-circuit test, where
physical measurements (for example, voltage)
can be done.
• While the power is on, functional test, just
checking if the PCB does what it had been
designed to do.
CONCLUSION
• Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) play a crucial role in various
applications across different industries. Here are some real-world
applications where PCBs are essential:
• Automotive: High-current PCBs are used in automotive systems for
controlling engine functions, safety features, infotainment systems, and
more.
• Medical: Medical devices rely on PCBs for precision and
reliability. Examples include X-ray machines, CT/CAT scanners,
ultrasounds, blood glucose monitors, heart rate monitors, and
pacemakers.
• Telecommunications: PCBs are integral to communication
infrastructure, including cell towers, routers, and network equipment.
• Robotics: PCBs power robotic systems, controlling movement, sensors,
and communication.
• Industrial Applications: PCBs are used in industrial automation,
control systems, motor drives, and power electronics.
• If you’re interested in designing PCBs, consider tools like Altium
Designer (popular among professionals), KiCad (free and open-
source), EasyEDA (browser-based), and Upverter (great for students
THANK YOU