DATA

COMMUNICATI
ON AND
NETWORKS
DPT,PLS,RID
WHAT IS DATA COMMUNICATION
 Communication is an act of sending or
receiving data. Thus, data communication
refers to the exchange of data between two
or more networked or connected devices.
These devices must be capable of sending
and receiving data over a communication
medium.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK?

Computer networking refers

to interconnected computing devices that
can exchange data and share resources with
each other. These networked devices use a
system of rules, called communications
protocols, to transmit information over
physical or wireless technologies.
SIMPLEX COMMUNICATION
 Simplex communication is a one-way
communication system where information is
transmitted from one device to another, but
the receiving device cannot send information
back to the transmitting device. In other
words, simplex communication is a
unidirectional form of communication, where
the communication is one-way only.
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLEX
Radio i.e AM and FM
Television
Wireless speakers
HALF-DUPLEX
 A half-duplex (HDX) system provides
communication in both directions, but only
one direction at a time, not simultaneously in
both directions. This terminology is not
completely standardized between defining
organizations, and in radio communication
some sources classify this mode as simplex.
EXAMPLE OF HALF DUPLEX
 In a half-duplex or semi-duplex system, both
parties can communicate with each other,
but not simultaneously; the communication is
one direction at a time. An example of a half-
duplex device is a walkie-talkie, a two-way
radio that has a push-to-talk button.
FULL-DUPLEX
 Full-duplex data transmission means
that data can be transmitted in both
directions on a signal carrier at the same
time. For example, on a local area network
with a technology that has full-duplex
transmission, one workstation can be
sending data on the line while another
workstation is receiving data.
EXAMPLE OF DUPLEX
 A commonplace example of full duplex
communications is a telephone call where
both parties can communicate at the same
time.
TYPES OF WIRE COMMUNICATIONS
Coaxial cable, Self-shielded cable used for
transmission of communications signals,
such as those for television, telephone, or
computer networks. A coaxial cable consists
of two conductors laid concentrically along
the same axis.
TWISTED-PAIR CABLE
 Twisted-pair cabling system is a cable consisting
of one or several pairs of copper wires. These
wires are twisted together and around each other
and are insulated with a dielectric polymeric
compound. Twisting helps minimize
electromagnetic radiation and resists external
interference.
 RJ45 Connectors

 Cat 6

 Cat 5
OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
 Fiber optic cables are made of a thin strand
of glass or plastic and carry data signals in
the form of light waves. This allows them to
carry much higher bandwidth applications
than conventional cables. Optical fiber cables
can easily transfer data, audio, and other
data because they have up to 100 Gbps
bandwidth.
WIFI NETWORK
 Wi-Fi is a wireless technology used to
connect computers, tablets, smartphones
and other devices to the internet. Wi-Fi is the
radio signal sent from a wireless router to a
nearby device, which translates the signal
into data you can see and use.
 WiFi Standards version 802.11 (a, b, g, N)

 Wi-Fi 6, or IEEE 802.11ax

 INTERNET PROTOCOL
 IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of
rules governing the format of data sent via the
internet or local network. In essence, IP addresses are
the identifier that allows information to be sent
between devices on a network: they contain location
information and make devices accessible for
communication.
 Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by

which data is sent from one computer to another on

the internet. Each computer -- known as a host -- on
the internet has at least one IP address that uniquely
identifies it from all other computers on the internet
IP
 IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the
set of rules governing the format of data sent
via the internet or local network. In essence,
IP addresses are the identifier that allows
information to be sent between devices on a
network: they contain location information
and make devices accessible for
communication.
TCP/ IP IPV4
 An IPv4 TCP/IP address is a 32-bit number
written in dotted decimal notation. This
scheme is numeric and consists of four
groups separated by a period (.). For
example, 192.168.1.100 represents a single
host on a single network.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
 Network topology is used to describe the
physical and logical structure of a network. It
maps the way different nodes on a network--
including switches and routers--are placed
and interconnected, as well as how data
flows.
TYPE OF TOPOLOGY
 Ring
 BUS

 Star

 Tree

 Mash
RING TOPOLOGY
 Ring topology is a type of network configuration
where devices are connected in a circular manner,
forming a closed loop. In this setup, each device is
connected to exactly two other devices, creating a
continuous pathway for data transmission.
BUS TOPOLOGY
 Bus topology is a type of network topology in
which all devices are connected to a single cable
called a "bus." This cable serves as a shared
communication medium, allowing all devices on
the network to receive the same signal
simultaneously.
STAR TOPOLOGY
 Star topology is a type of network topology
in which all the devices or nodes are
physically connected to a central node such
as a router, switch, or hub. The central node
(hub) acts as a server, and the connecting
nodes act as clients.
TREE TOPOLOGY
 In networking, tree topology is a structure where
devices are connected hierarchically. It resembles
a tree with a root node and various branches. The
root node is connected to multiple levels of child
nodes, forming a hierarchy.
MESH TOPOLOGY
A mesh topology is a type of computer network in
which each node (computer or other device) is
connected to every other node in the network.
This type of network is often used in large
organizations or companies because it can handle
a large amount of data traffic and can be easily
expanded.
TYPES OF NETWORKS
 Personal area network, or PAN.
 Local area network, or LAN.

 Wireless local area network or WLAN

 Metropolitan area network, or MAN.

 Wide area network, or WAN.

PAN
 A personal area network (PAN) connects
electronic devices within a user's immediate
area. The size of a PAN ranges from a few
centimeters to a few meters. One of the most
common real-world examples of a PAN is the
connection between a Bluetooth earpiece
and a smartphone.
LAN
 A local area network (LAN) is a collection of
devices connected together in one physical
location, such as a building, office, or home.
A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a
home network with one user to an enterprise
network with thousands of users and devices
in an office or school.
MAN
 A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a
computer network that is larger than a single
building local area network (LAN) but is
located in a single geographic area that is
smaller than a wide area network (WAN).
Generally, it is several LANs interconnected
by dedicated backbone connections.
WLAN
 A wireless local-area network (WLAN) is a
group of colocated computers or other
devices that form a network based on radio
transmissions rather than wired connections.
A Wi-Fi network is a type of WLAN; anyone
connected to Wi-Fi while reading this
webpage is using a WLAN.
MODEM
 The name modem means modulator
demodulator. A modem connects our
computer to a standard phone line or to our
cable, which allows us to send data or
receive data. A modem is a conversion
device that converts signals from one device
into signals another device can read.
ROUTER
 A router is a device that connects two or
more packet-switched networks or sub-
networks. It serves two primary functions:
managing traffic between these networks by
forwarding data packets to their intended IP
addresses, and allowing multiple devices to
use the same Internet connection.
NETWORK SWITCH
 A network switch (also called switching hub,
bridging hub, Ethernet switch, and, by the
IEEE, MAC bridge) is networking hardware
that connects devices on a computer network
by using packet switching to receive and
forward data to the destination device.