Read and analyze

health information
system data
SGD 18
A. Fraction (pecahan)
Fractions are one or more parts of a whole. The image shows two circles. The first
circle is divided into two equal parts, and the second indicates that one part of the
circle is larger than the other. The portion of the first circle is ½; the part of the
second circle (in a darker color) is ¾. The numbers 1 in ½ and 3 in ¾ are called the
numerator, while the numbers 2 and 4 are called the denominator.
B. Rounding Numbers (Pembulatan)
Rounding is a process of rounding a number. Numbers can be rounded
to 10, 100, and so on. In health facilities, rounding is commonly used
when expressing data because staff must manage both parts of the
whole, such as length of stay (LOS), number of patients, and census.
- Rounding to the nearest number 10 -> 31 rounded up to 30, 37 is
close to 40, so rounds off to 40
- Rounding to the nearest number 100 -> rounding that is in between
multiples of 100.
C. Percentage
The ratio of the part to the whole is often expressed as a percentage. Percentage
is a fraction expressed in hundredths. Percent means "per 100." There is a
specific way to write this. For example, 0.34 would be written and equal to 34
percent.
Percentages are a useful way to make fair comparisons. For example, if 20
patients died in hospital last month and 50 patients died in hospital B during the
same period, it can be concluded that it would be better to use the services of
hospital A because hospital A has fewer deaths. However, that conclusion would
be wrong if hospital A had 100 discharges during the month and hospital B had
500 discharges for the same period.
Hospital A: 20/100 = 20%
Hospital B: 50/500 = 10%
D. Ratio
Ratios express the relationship of one quantity to another. This is a
mathematical parameter used to relate the number of cases, diseases,
patients, or outcomes in a healthcare setting to the size of the source
population where the above occurs.
Ratio Calculation
To calculate a ratio, one quantity is divided by another. The number can
be greater than 1 or less than 1. For example, if seven males and five
females are in a group, then the ratio of males to females is 7:5.
E. Proportion (Proporsi)
Proportion is a type of ratio where x is the part of the whole (x + y).
Proportionally, the quantifier is always included in the denominator. For
example, if two women in the over 50 age group have breast cancer,
where x = 2 (women who have had breast cancer) and y = 8 (women
who have not had breast cancer), 2 would be divided by 10 as a
calculation. women who have had breast cancer is 0.2.
F. Rate
Rate is a ratio where there is a clear relationship between the quantifier
and the denominator and the denominator often implies a large base
population. The measure of time is often an intrinsic part of the
denominator. Health facilities calculate many types of rates to
determine how the facility is performing.
The formula for determining the rate is as follows:
Rate =
G. Average (Rata-rata)
Average or average is also referred to as the arithmetic mean, or arithmetic mean.
The arithmetic mean is the most common type of average. To calculate the
arithmetic mean, the sum of all the numbers in a data group is divided by the
number of items in that data group.
For example, there may be a need to know the average age of a patient
attending a diabetes seminar in the clinic. Ten patients present:
o Step 1: Add up all participant ages.
o Step 2: Divide the total by the number of items in the data.
Average age of participants =
Average age of participants = = 49
So the average age of diabetes seminar participants is 49 years.
Analysis
Currently the development of the role of global Health Information
Management Professionals in health data analysis is known as Certified
Health Data Analyst (CHDA). There are three levels of CHDA, namely:
1. Entry-level health data analyst
2. Mid-level health data analyst
3. Senior level health data analyst
The description of the activities of each CHDA level is as follows:
1. Entry-level health data analyst

a. Identify, analyze, and interpret trends or patterns in data sets

complex.
b. Collaborate with others, interpret data and develop
recommendations based on the findings.
c. Develop graphs, reports and presentations of project results,
trends, data mining.
d. Perform basic statistical analysis for projects and reports.
e. Create and show quality dashboards
f. Make routine reports and/or adhoc reports
2. Mid-level health data analyst

a. Work closely with data, reporting, and database administrators to help produce
management reports on production management and utilization to support performance
management in terms of utilization, cost, and risks with various health plan data; monitor
data integrity and monthly report quality
b. Cooperate with data and reporting in monitoring financial performance inm any health plan
c. Develop and maintain claims audit reports and processes,
d. Develop and maintain model contracts to support negotiations contract with a health plan,
e. Develop, implement and improve evaluation and measurement models quality, data and
reporting, and data warehouse department effectiveness programs,
f. Recommend process improvements, programs, and initiatives using analytical capabilities
and multiple reporting tools,
g. Determine the most appropriate approach for design, production, and internal and external
distribution of reports, specific to the relevant audience.
3. Senior level health data analyst
a. Understand the information needs for governance, leadership, and deployment staff in support of continuous improvement of
patient care processes and outcomes continuously,
b. Lead and manage efforts to improve the use of data and tools strategic analysis to improve clinical care processes and
outcomes continously,
c. Work to ensure the dissemination of information that is accurate, reliable, timely, accessible, actionable, and analytical (data
analysis) to help leaders and staff actively identify and address opportunities to improve patient care and related processes.
d. Work actively with information technology to select and develop tools to enable facility governance and leadership to monitor
continuous improvement of quality, patient safety, services, and related indicators continuously throughout the system.
e. Collaborate with information technology and senior leadership to create and maintain concise reports (eg dashboards), as well
a balanced set of system assessment measures, conveying the status of and direction of quality initiatives and critical system-
wide safety initiatives for quality committees and senior management of patient safety and; give regular information to the
quality and safety committee board forn ensure understanding of the information contained therein.
f. Actively support the efforts of divisions, departments, programs, and clinical units to identify, obtain, and actively use
quantitative information necessary to support monitoring of clinical quality and activity repair.
g. Serves as advisory and technical resource on the use of deep data clinical quality improvement activities.
h. Lead analysis of outcomes and resource utilization in patient populations specific needs.
i. Lead efforts to implement quality improvement analysis tools (i.e., statistical process control).
j. Play an active role, including leadership, when appropriate, on the team address the overall clinical quality improvement.
Reference
• Hosizah, Maryati Y. Sistem Informasi Kesehatan II. Buku Bahan Ajar
Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan (RMIK). Edisi tahun 2018