Bersin TA Factbook 2015
Bersin TA Factbook 2015
FACTBOOK 2015
Benchmarks and Trends in Spending, Staffing,
and Key Recruiting Metrics
April 2015
Jennifer Krider
Senior Research Analyst
Bersin by Deloitte, Deloitte Consulting LLP
Karen O’Leonard
Vice President, Benchmarking & Analytics Research
Bersin by Deloitte, Deloitte Consulting LLP
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C O N T E N T S
Introduction 4
Overview 4
What’s New This Year 5
Our Differentiation 6
A Special Thank You 6
Key Takeaways 7
#1: Uptick in Talent Acquisition Spending 7
#2: Cost per Hire Averages Nearly $4,000 8
#3: Organizations Increase Recruiting Headcount 10
#4: Three-Fold Increase in Spending on Professional Networking Sites 12
#5: Company Websites Drive More Hires than Other Sources 14
#6: Healthcare Sees Largest New-Hire Turnover 16
#7: Companies Take Longer to Fill Positions 17
#8: Mature Recruiting Organizations Spend More per Hire 18
#9: Maturity Brings Better Quality, Increased Efficiency 19
Appendix I: Definitions 20
Definitions of Segments 21
Definitions of Spending and Staffing Metrics 23
Definitions of Spending Allocation Metrics 24
Definitions of Source of Hire Metrics 25
Definitions of Talent Acquisition Productivity Metrics 26
(cont’d)
Appendix II: Study Methodology 27
Appendix III: Key Metrics by Company Size 30
Appendix IV: Key Metrics by Industry 36
Appendix V: Key Metrics by Maturity Level 42
Appendix VI: Tear Sheets 48
Appendix VII: Table of Figures 56
This study contains dozens of metrics on talent acquisition spending, staffing, productivity, and quality broken out
by company size, industry, and the maturity level of the talent acquisition organization (see Figure 1). With these
detailed metrics, you can evaluate your recruiting organization against appropriate standards. (For more
information regarding talent acquisition maturity levels, see
INTRODUCTION
In addition to providing key metrics broken out by company size, industry, and maturity level, this year we are
including breakouts by level of employee (entry-level, experienced, and executive) for cost per hire and time
to fill. This further level of detail will help talent acquisition professionals make better informed business
decisions.
For one, our study contains a broad sample of respondents that provides an accurate representation of
midsize and large U.S. organizations (those with 1,000 or more employees). We surveyed 412 talent
acquisition professionals from a range of company sizes and industries. The data are weighted so that the
figures better represent the U.S. market. Other studies available today include only a small slice of the market
INTRODUCTION
or are based on small sample sizes, which call into question the validity of the data.
In addition, we use stringent quality control procedures in collecting and analyzing the data. Each
respondent’s answers have been checked for consistency. For cases in which data appeared to be
inconsistent or out of range, the survey respondents were contacted for clarification and correction or the
responses were omitted from the survey analysis. This level of rigor is crucial to maintaining valid data.
Finally, our analysis includes comparisons of mature talent acquisition organizations (those with fully
optimized talent acquisition practices). Benchmarking against these best-in-class recruiting functions will
provide further insights into how your organization measures up.
size, ranging from just more than $3,139 per new $10,000
hire within larger companies to just more than $9,000
$5,380 per new hire within smaller companies.
Large companies have lower spending ratios $8,000
because they can leverage economies of scale to $7,000
spread costs over larger populations. Overall, hiring
for executive-level positions costs companies $6,000 $5,611
almost twice as much hiring for entry-level positions $5,000
($3,584 vs. $6,614, respectively). $4,323 $4,300 $4,325
$4,000
Among industries, manufacturing has the highest $3,033
$3,000
cost-per-hire metric at more than $5,611 (see
Figure 3). Recruiting for these firms can be difficult $2,000
due to stiff competition for qualified candidates;
$1,000
further, finding potential employees can require
specialized—and costly—resources. Engineers, $0
manufacturing specialists, and manufacturing staff
are highly specialized, so recruitment in those fields
must be very targeted. Banking / financial services,
business services / consulting, and technology firms Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
also have high recruiting costs, although lower than Note: For further description of industries, please see
manufacturing, because they hire people with “Appendix I: Definitions.”
specialized skills who are in high demand.
Healthcare organizations, on the other hand, have comparatively lower recruiting costs. These
organizations are able to invest fewer resources in the hiring process because the certifications required
K E Y TA K E AWAY
to work in health professions tend to be fairly standardized, meaning less time is needed to determine if
an applicant has the necessary skills. Such certification requirements also allow healthcare
organizations to use less-expensive sourcing strategies, such as company websites, professional
networking sites, and professional associations.
every 100 new hires, respectively. In these industries, contractors outnumber internal recruiting staff by
at least a 3-to-1 ratio. As manufacturing organizations respond to their specific product cycles, many
firms utilize contractors to address staffing demands. This approach allows HR organizations to better
align talent acquisition resources with the ebb and flow of staffing needs throughout a company.
the sourcing budget. During 2014, that figure dropped to 18% as companies switched their investments to a
variety of less costly channels, particularly social and professional networking (see Figure 5).
Professional networking sites realized the greatest increase, claiming 12% of the budget. This allocation is a
three-fold increase over the investment seen during 2011, when only 4% of budgets were allocated to this
source. Professional networks have become one of the most useful ways to reach all types of candidates; in
fact, many talent acquisition solution providers have found they need to include access to these options in
their offerings to remain competitive.
Job boards continue to claim the largest share of the recruiting budget, with 19% of external recruiting
resources committed to this source. Over the years, job boards have been most successful in attracting
active candidates or those looking for jobs. However, the job board landscape is changing dramatically, with
employers moving more toward niche job boards directed toward very specific talent pools as opposed to
general employment job sites.
Companies are taking a proactive approach to attracting top talent by managing their employment brands, in
part through investment in company websites. In general, during 2014, one in every ten job-sourcing dollars
was allocated to this source. Potential candidates look to a company’s website to learn about the corporate
culture; a website that is outdated, difficult to navigate, or lacking relevant information reduces the chances of
attracting top-notch candidates.
most hires, with nearly one in five new hires coming through that source. This is an increase over 2011,
when only 13% of new hires came through company career websites (see Figure 6). With the Internet
making information more easily accessible than ever before, job candidates routinely utilize company
websites to assess a firm’s strengths and help determine if they would be a good fit with an organization
before even applying for a job. In addition, many other sources funnel prospective candidates to company
websites. This means that even though candidates may learn about a company or a particular job opening
through social media or networking sites, they apply for jobs via company websites. These factors make
employment branding and ease of site navigation critical aspects of ensuring an excellent candidate
experience during the application process.
Job boards yielded the second highest number of new hires at 16%. Job boards have seen the most
success in attracting “active” candidates—those who are actively looking for jobs. Although many people
have prophesized the “death” of job boards, they are clearly still a productive source of new hires for many
companies.
Internal candidates were the third most productive source of new hires in 2014, filling 14% of all job
openings. Recruiting top talent is tough, prompting organizations to turn to internal mobility efforts.
Progressive organizations leverage internal mobility programs not just to fill vacant positions but also to
bolster employee engagement and foster product innovation with an influx of fresh ideas. Existing
employees understand an organization’s culture and policies and can apply their knowledge and
experiences to make new contributions within the company. These attributes make them an excellent
source for recruiting.
Industry, 2014
consistent across company sizes, but
industry sectors show substantial 18% 17%
differences. Healthcare organizations 16%
have the largest new-hire turnover at 14%
17%, compared with 10% turnover among 14%
manufacturing firms (see Figure 7). The
U.S. healthcare system has been 12% 11% 11%
undergoing a period of extraordinary 10%
10%
change during the past several years as
new regulations have been instituted while 8%
increasing numbers of patients have
6%
required care. This has created an
environment in which workers frequently 4%
experience “burnout.” Since many
healthcare workers can easily find 2%
employment elsewhere in the field if their
0%
current workplace proves unsatisfactory,
healthcare organizations frequently see
employee shortages and high turnover
rates (even among those hired within the Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
past 12 months).
Note: For further description of industries, please see “
Appendix I: Definitions.”
0%
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DEFINITIONS OF SEGMENTS
This study contains a wealth of data that talent acquisition (TA) executives can use to benchmark their
organizations. Data are presented in summary tables in Appendices III through VI. Throughout this report, data
are broken out by the segments listed below. To make the most use of this report, we recommend that you gather
APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS
2. Industry
• Banking / Financial Services (banks, financial companies, and insurance companies)
• Business Services / Consulting (including consumer and business services)
• Healthcare (hospitals and healthcare organizations)
• Manufacturing (durable and nondurable goods, including automotive)
• Technology (computers, software, independent software vendors)
3. Maturity Level
• Level 1: Reactive Tactical Recruiting
APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS
4. Employee Level
• Entry level (undergraduate / graduate campus hires, inexperienced or nonexempt hourly employees)
• Experienced (experienced individual contributors, middle managers)
• Executive (senior leaders, executives)
employee referral awards / payments; recruitment process outsourcing (RPO) fees; recruiting systems / technology costs;
non–labor related office costs; recruiting contractor costs; and marketing expenses.
• Cost per Hire—Entry Level. Annual spending (see “Cost per Hire—All Positions,” above) for entry-level positions divided by
the number of entry-level new hires brought into the organization for the year. “Entry level” is defined as undergraduate /
graduate campus hires, inexperienced hires, or nonexempt hourly employees.
• Cost per Hire—Experienced. Annual spending (see “Cost per Hire—All Positions,” above) for experienced positions divided
by the number of experienced new hires brought into the organization for the year. “Experienced” is defined as experienced
individual contributors or middle managers.
• Cost per Hire—Executive. Annual spending (see “Cost per Hire—All Positions,” above) for executive positions divided by
the number of new hires brought into the organization for the year. “Executive” is defined as senior leaders and executives.
• Change in TA Spending. Average reported change in total TA spending from 2013 to 2014.
• TA Staff Members per 100 New Hires. The mean number of TA employees for every 100 hires. Figure includes all
employees assigned to the TA function, including sourcers, coordinators, managers, and other leadership. If an employee
spends a portion of his / her time on TA activities, that time is allocated the portion of a full-time headcount (FTE). This figure
excludes hiring managers’ time spent on the recruiting process.
• TA Contractors per 100 New Hires. The mean number of full-time TA contractors for every 100 hires. If a contractor spends
a portion of his / her time on TA activities, that time is allocated the portion of a full-time contractor headcount (FTE).
• Change in TA Headcount. Average change in the number of TA employees from 2013 to 2014.
• Change in TA Contractor Usage. Average change in the number of TA contractors used from 2013 to 2014.
• Prehire Assessments. Expenses related to the use of testing services, validated assessments, or other standardized
APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS
• Background Check, Eligibility-to-Work, and Drug Testing Expenses. Expenses related to criminal, education, credit, and
reference checks on prospective hires. Also includes work eligibility and immigration expenses such as Form I-9 processing
and use of E-Verify.
• Travel Expenses (Candidates and Recruiters). Travel expenses incurred by a candidate or recruiter and reimbursed by the
organization; includes signing bonuses and relocation fees.
• Employee Referral Awards / Payments. Predefined payments received by employees who refer candidates who are
subsequently hired.
• Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) Fees. The sum of the fees incurred in the use of RPO services.
• Recruiting System / Technology Costs. The costs of operating any supporting technology infrastructure for the recruiting
process, including TA systems (TAS), candidate relationship management systems, and reporting systems.
• Non–Labor Related Office Costs. General office expenses (including a representative portion of rent, capital expenses, and
incidentals) incurred while supporting the recruiting function. If exact data on these expenses exist, then those data should be
used. However, it is acceptable to take a percentage of overall office costs based on recruiting headcount.
• Marketing Expenses. Expenses related to advertising or marketing for either a specific requisition or across many
requisitions. Examples include expenses related to job boards, social networks, search engine marketing, marketing material
production (e.g., brochures, websites), or newspaper advertising.
• Job Fairs / Recruiting Events. Events specifically held for the purpose of recruiting candidates or advertising a company’s
APPENDIX I: DEFINITIONS
employment brand.
• Job Boards or Search Engine Aggregators. List purchases, licenses to databases (e.g., Glassdoor, Monster,
CareerBuilder), etc.
• Company Websites. Websites that share information about a company’s mission and purpose; specifically, the employment
landing page.
• Professional Networking Sites. Websites that allow users to create a public profile and interact with other professionals in
similar fields.
• Professional Associations. Groups of people seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged
in that profession, and the public interest (for example, the Society for Human Resource Management, or SHRM).
• General Social Media. Websites and applications (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) that enable users to create and share content or
to participate in social networking.
• Campus Recruiting. The recruitment of talent from colleges and universities, including interns, co-ops, and graduates who fill
full-time positions.
• Candidate Pools. Lists or databases of applicants who have applied for an open position and remain eligible for hire.
• Employee Referrals. Candidates who are referred by a current employee and subsequently hired.
• Experienced Position Time to Fill. Average number of days to fill an experienced job requisition across all job categories.
• Executive Position Time to Fill. Average number of days to fill an executive job requisition across all job categories.
• Overall Time to Fill. Average number of days to fill an open job requisition across all job categories.
• Open Job Requisitions per Recruiter. Average number of open job requisitions per recruiter.
• New-Hire Turnover. Voluntary and involuntary turnover within the first 12 months after hire.
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APPENDIX II: STUDY METHODOLOGY
This year’s study was conducted from September to November 2014; during that time, contacts from the
Bersin by Deloitte and Glassdoor databases were emailed invitations to participate in an online survey. Only
U.S.-based organizations with 1,000 or more employees were included in the analysis. The final count of
qualified respondents was 412.
The data represent a broad cross-section of industries and company sizes (see Figures 11 and 12). Note
that the data in this report are weighted by company size and revenue. We break out the results by
organization size, industry, and talent acquisition maturity level so that organizations can compare
themselves against similar groups.
Consumer Products; 4%
Hospitality / Leisure / Travel; 3%
Insurance; 5%
Other; 22%
Retail; 6%
Technology; 13%
Manufacturing; 14%
*Numbers may not total 100% due to rounding. Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
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Figure 13: Spending and Staffing Metrics by Company Size, 2014
Mid- to Enterprise-
U.S. Total Midsize Large
K E Y M E T R I C S B Y C O M PA N Y S I Z E
Large-Size Level
Change in TA
-3% 7% 13% -9% -9%
Contractor Usage
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of company size, as well as spending and staffing metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Mid- to Enterprise-
U.S. Total Midsize Large
K E Y M E T R I C S B Y C O M PA N Y S I Z E
Large-Size Level
Prehire Assessments 6% 7% 8% 8% 5%
Other Expenses 1% 0% 1% 2% 2%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of company size, as well as spending allocation metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Mid- to Enterprise-
U.S. Total Midsize Large
K E Y M E T R I C S B Y C O M PA N Y S I Z E
Large-Size Level
Job Boards or Search Engine Aggregators 19% 22% 18% 20% 17%
Professional Associations 4% 3% 2% 3% 4%
Candidate Pools 2% 2% 3% 2% 2%
Employee Referrals 7% 7% 8% 9% 7%
Internal Candidates 6% 5% 4% 7% 6%
Other Sources 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of company size, as well as source of hire metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Mid- to Enterprise-
U.S. Total Midsize Large
K E Y M E T R I C S B Y C O M PA N Y S I Z E
Large-Size Level
Note: For definitions of company size, as well as talent acquisition productivity metrics, please see “
Appendix I: Definitions.”
Mid- to Enterprise-
K E Y M E T R I C S B Y C O M PA N Y S I Z E
Job Boards or Search Engine Aggregators 16% 21% 14% 18% 13%
Professional Associations 2% 2% 3% 2% 2%
Candidate Pools 3% 3% 2% 1% 3%
Other Sources 1% 1% 0% 1% 1%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of company size, as well as source of hire metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
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A P P E N D I X I V: K E Y M E T R I C S B Y I N D U S T RY Figure 18: Spending and Staffing Metrics by Industry, 2014
Banking / Business
Financial Services / Healthcare Manufacturing Technology
Services Consulting
TA Staff Members per 100 New Hires 4.7 4.2 3.8 3.5 2.7
TA Contractors per 100 New Hires 2.1 1.7 5.8 9.9 9.0
Banking / Business
Financial Services / Healthcare Manufacturing Technology
Services Consulting
Prehire Assessments 8% 6% 8% 6% 5%
Other Expenses 2% 0% 0% 1% 2%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of spending allocation metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Banking / Business
Financial Services / Healthcare Manufacturing Technology
Services Consulting
Professional Associations 2% 3% 4% 6% 4%
Candidate Pools 2% 4% 2% 1% 3%
Internal Candidates 6% 3% 8% 9% 5%
Other Sources 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of source of hire metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Banking / Business
Financial Services / Healthcare Manufacturing Technology
Services Consulting
Note: For definitions of talent acquisition productivity metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Banking / Business
Financial Services / Healthcare Manufacturing Technology
Services Consulting
Professional Associations 1% 3% 3% 4% 2%
Candidate Pools 4% 4% 2% 2% 2%
Other Sources 0% 1% 1% 1% 0%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of source of hire metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
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APPENDIX V: KEY METRICS BY MATURITY LEVEL Figure 23: Spending and Staffing Metrics by Maturity Level, 2014
Level 1— Level 2—
Reactive Standardized Level 3— Level 4—
Tactical Operational Integrated TA Optimized TA
Recruiting Recruiting
TA Staff Members per 100 New Hires 4.3 2.6 3.1 3.1
Note: For definitions of spending and staffing metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Level 1— Level 2—
Reactive Standardized Level 3— Level 4—
Tactical Operational Integrated TA Optimized TA
Recruiting Recruiting
Prehire Assessments 7% 5% 6% 7%
Background Check, Eligibility-to-Work,
12% 10% 10% 10%
and Drug Testing Expenses
Travel Expenses (Candidates and
5% 12% 12% 10%
Recruiters)
Employee Referral Awards / Payments 6% 5% 6% 7%
Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO)
7% 7% 10% 14%
Fees
Recruiting System / Technology Costs 10% 13% 12% 10%
Other Expenses 3% 2% 1% 0%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of spending allocation metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Level 1— Level 2—
Reactive Standardized Level 3— Level 4—
Tactical Operational Integrated TA Optimized TA
Recruiting Recruiting
Professional Associations 4% 3% 5% 3%
Candidate Pools 2% 2% 2% 2%
Other Sources 1% 1% 0% 2%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of source of hire metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Level 1— Level 2—
Reactive Standardized Level 3— Level 4—
Tactical Operational Integrated TA Optimized TA
Recruiting Recruiting
Note: For definitions of talent acquisition productivity metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
Level 1— Level 2—
Reactive Standardized Level 3— Level 4—
Tactical Operational Integrated TA Optimized TA
Recruiting Recruiting
Professional Associations 3% 1% 4% 2%
Candidate Pools 3% 2% 3% 2%
Other Sources 1% 1% 1% 0%
Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Note: For definitions of source of hire metrics, please see “Appendix I: Definitions.”
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O N E - PA G E S U M M A R I E S O R “ T E A R S H E E T S ”
The following pages include all of the previous data—company size, industry, and maturity level—by business
type. These summaries are meant to serve as compilation pages in which you can input your company-specific
APPENDIX VI: TEAR SHEETS
data for comparison; these pages can be helpful when compiling dashboards or scorecards. These tear sheets
can also serve as guides for benchmark discussions and development.
Professional Associations 2% 3% 4% 6% 4%
General Social Media 3% 6% 4% 5% 5%
Campus Recruiting 7% 7% 6% 7% 12%
Candidate Pools 2% 4% 2% 1% 3%
Employee Referrals 10% 11% 7% 8% 8%
Internal Candidates 6% 3% 8% 9% 5%
Other Sources 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Talent Acquisition Productivity
Entry-Level Position Time to Fill (in Days) 34 35 35 33 42
Experienced Position Time to Fill (in Days) 49 45 50 56 49
Executive Position Time to Fill (in Days) 66 68 70 75 62
Overall Time to Fill (in Days) 47 55 48 54 51
Open Job Requisitions per Recruiter 26 24 34 22 23
New-Hire Turnover 14% 11% 17% 10% 11%
Source of Hire
Agencies / Third-Party Recruiters 9% 10% 6% 12% 13%
Job Fairs / Recruiting Events 4% 4% 7% 3% 3%
Job Boards or Search Engine Aggregators 15% 15% 17% 15% 14%
Company Websites 20% 10% 31% 16% 13%
Professional Networking Sites 9% 11% 5% 10% 14%
Professional Associations 1% 3% 3% 4% 2%
General Social Media 2% 3% 2% 3% 2%
Campus Recruiting 3% 14% 4% 8% 11%
Candidate Pools 4% 4% 2% 2% 2%
Employee Referrals 15% 18% 7% 11% 15%
Internal Candidates 18% 8% 14% 14% 12%
Other Sources 0% 1% 1% 1% 0%
* Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding. Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
Professional Associations 4% 3% 5% 3%
General Social Media 4% 4% 5% 7%
Campus Recruiting 6% 11% 8% 6%
Candidate Pools 2% 2% 2% 2%
Employee Referrals 6% 7% 10% 11%
Internal Candidates 5% 5% 5% 10%
Other Sources 1% 1% 0% 2%
Talent Acquisition Productivity
Entry-Level Position Time to Fill (in Days) 39 38 39 28
Experienced Position Time to Fill (in Days) 52 52 51 50
Executive Position Time to Fill (in Days) 74 69 68 68
Overall Time to Fill (in Days) 55 50 52 44
Open Job Requisitions per Recruiter 25 27 22 27
New-Hire Turnover 17% 15% 11% 10%
Source of Hire
Agencies / Third-Party Recruiters 12% 8% 8% 4%
Job Fairs / Recruiting Events 4% 4% 6% 5%
Job Boards or Search Engine Aggregators 18% 18% 14% 9%
Company Websites 19% 16% 18% 25%
Professional Networking Sites 9% 10% 11% 11%
Professional Associations 3% 1% 4% 2%
General Social Media 3% 1% 3% 2%
Campus Recruiting 7% 8% 7% 11%
Candidate Pools 3% 2% 3% 2%
Employee Referrals 10% 14% 14% 15%
Internal Candidates 12% 16% 13% 17%
Other Sources 1% 1% 1% 0%
* Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding. Source: Bersin by Deloitte, 2014.
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