Scribd
Upload
25 views

UNIT - 3 Network Layer Design Issue

Uploaded by

Nani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

UNIT - 3 Network Layer Design Issue

Uploaded by

Nani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

UNIT -3

A.MOHAN ASST.PROFESSOR CSE


Network Layer Design
Issues

I. Store-and-forward packet switching


ii. Services provided to transport layer
iii. Implementation of connectionless service
iv. Implementation of connection-oriented service
v. Comparison of virtual-circuit and datagram networks
Store-and-Forward Packet Switching
the above Fig. The major components of the network are the ISP’s
equipment (routers connected by transmission lines), shown inside the
shaded oval, and the customers’ equipment, shown outside the oval.
Host H1 is directly connected to one of the ISP’s routers, A, perhaps as
a home computer that is plugged into a DSL modem.
In contrast, H2 is on a LAN, which might be an office Ethernet, with a
router, F, owned and operated by the customer. This router has a leased
line to the ISP’s equipment. We have shown F as being outside the oval
because it does not belong to the ISP.
• A host with a packet to send transmits it to the nearest router, either on
its own LAN or over a point-to-point link to the ISP.
• The packet is stored there until it has fully arrived and the link has
finished its processing by verifying the checksum. Then it is
forwarded to the next router along the path until it reaches the
destination host, where it is delivered.
Services Provided to the Transport
Layer
1.Services independent of router technology.
2.Transport layer shielded from number, type, topology of
routers.
3.Network addresses available to transport layer use uniform
numbering plan,even across LANs and WANs
Implementation of Connectionless
Service
• If connectionless service is offered, packets are injected into the
network individually and routed independently of each other.
• No advance setup is needed.
• In this context, the packets are frequently called datagrams (in analogy
with telegrams) and the network is called a datagram network.
• If connection-oriented service is used, a path from the source router
all the way to the destination router must be established before any
data packets can be sent. This connection is called a VC (virtual
circuit), in analogy with the physical circuits set up by the telephone
system, and the network is called a virtual-circuit network.
Implementation of Connectionless
Service
Implementation of connection-oriented service

• when a connection is established, a route from the source machine to


the destination machine is chosen as part of the connection setup and
stored in tables inside the routers. That route is used for all traffic
flowing over the connection, exactly the same way that the telephone
system works.
• When the connection is released, the virtual circuit is also terminated.
With connection-oriented service, each packet carries an identifier
telling which virtual circuit it belongs to.
Comparison of Virtual-Circuit
and Datagram Networks
Routing Algorithms
• Optimality principle
• Shortest path algorithm
• Flooding
• Distance vector routing
• Link state routing
• Routing in ad hoc networks
• Broadcast routing
• Multicast routing
• Anycast routing
• Routing for mobile hosts
• Routing in ad hoc networks
A.MOHAN ASST.PROFESSOR CSE

You might also like