REE601:

RENEWABLE
ENERGY SYSTEMS
FUNDAMENTALS,
(4 CREDIT HOURS)

Chapter-1:
Introduction to
Dr. Raja Mohamed Sumsudeen. CEng (IET-UK), Fellow ( Advance HE-
Renewable UK)
Energy
Ass. Professor- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
University of Bahrain
  Renewable energy is
energy derived from natural sources
WHAT IS that are replenished at a higher rate
RENEWAB than they are consumed.
LE  Sunlight and wind, for example, are
ENERGY such sources that are constantly
(RE)? being replenished. Renewable energy
sources are plentiful and all around
us.
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  Generating renewable energy
creates far lower emissions than
burning fossil fuels. Transitioning
from fossil fuels, which currently
Benefits account for the lion’s share of
of RE? emissions, to renewable energy is
key to addressing the climate
crisis.

 Renewables are now cheaper in

most countries, and generate three
times more jobs than fossil fuels.
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Common SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY BIOENERGY

sources of
renewable
energy

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY HYDROPOWER OCEAN ENERGY

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  Solar energy is the most abundant of all energy resources
and can even be harnessed in cloudy weather. The rate at
which solar energy is intercepted by the Earth is about
10,000 times greater than the rate at which humankind
consumes energy.
SOLAR ENERGY
 Solar technologies can deliver heat, cooling, natural
lighting, electricity, and fuels for a host of applications. Solar
technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either
through photovoltaic panels or through mirrors that
concentrate solar radiation.

 Although not all countries are equally endowed with solar

energy, a significant contribution to the energy mix from
direct solar energy is possible for every country.

 The cost of manufacturing solar panels has plummeted

dramatically in the last decade, making them not only
Averagethe
affordable but often Solarcheapest
radiation inform
Bahrain
ofregions?
electricity. Solar
panels have Average solarof
a lifespan radiations
roughlyin30 Saudi Arabia regions?
years, and come in
11/02/2024 variety of shades depending on the type of material used 5 in
manufacturing.
  Wind energy harnesses the kinetic energy of moving
air by using large wind turbines located on land
(onshore) or in sea- or freshwater (offshore).

 Wind energy has been used for millennia, but onshore

WIND ENERGY and offshore wind energy technologies have evolved
over the last few years to maximize the electricity
produced - with taller turbines and larger rotor
diameters.

 Though average wind speeds vary considerably by

location, the world’s
technical potential for wind energy exceeds global
electricity production, and ample potential exists in
most regions of the world to enable significant wind
energy deployment.

• Many parts of the world have strong wind speeds, but

the average wind speeds
best locations at Bahrain
for generating wind power are
sometimes
regions?remote ones. Offshore wind power offers t
11/02/2024 remendous potential. 6
Average wind speeds at Saudi
  Bioenergy is produced from a variety of organic
materials, called biomass, such as wood, charcoal,
dung and other manures for heat and power
BIO ENERGY production, and agricultural crops for liquid biofuels.

 Most biomass is used in rural areas for cooking, lighting

and space heating, generally by poorer populations in
developing countries.

 Modern biomass systems include dedicated crops or trees,

residues from agriculture and forestry, and various organic
waste streams.

 Energy created by burning biomass creates greenhouse

gas emissions, but at lower levels than burning fossil fuels
like coal, oil or gas.

 However, bioenergy should only be used in limited

applications, given potential negative environmental
bioenergy plant in GCC countries??
impacts related to large-scale increases in forest and
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bioenergy plantations, and resulting deforestation and
GEOTHERMAL  Geothermal energy utilizes the accessible thermal
ENERGY energy from the Earth’s interior. Heat is extracted
from geothermal reservoirs using wells or other
means.

 Reservoirs that are naturally sufficiently hot and

permeable are called hydrothermal reservoirs,
whereas reservoirs that are sufficiently hot but that
are improved with hydraulic stimulation are called
enhanced geothermal systems.

 Once at the surface, fluids of various temperatures

can be used to generate electricity. The technology
for electricity generation from hydrothermal
reservoirs is mature and reliable, and has been
11/02/2024 operating for more than 100 years. 8
  Hydropower harnesses the energy of water moving from
higher to lower elevations. It can be generated from
HYDROPOWER reservoirs and rivers.

 Reservoir hydropower plants rely on stored water in a

reservoir, while run-of-river hydropower plants harness
energy from the available flow of the river.

 Hydropower reservoirs often have multiple uses - providing

drinking water, water for irrigation, flood and drought
control, navigation services, as well as energy supply.

 Hydropower currently is the

largest source of renewable energy in the electricity sector.
It relies on generally stable rainfall patterns, and can be
negatively impacted by climate-induced droughts or
changes to ecosystems which impact rainfall patterns.

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  Ocean energy derives from technologies that use the
kinetic and thermal energy of seawater - waves or currents
OCEAN ENERGY for instance - to produce electricity or heat.

 Ocean energy systems are still at an early stage of

development, with a number of prototype wave and tidal
current devices being explored.

 The theoretical potential for ocean energy easily

exceeds present human energy requirements.

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Problem-1: Using the table 1.1 data.
(a)Calculate the overall thermal efficiency of
electricity production by all energy sources.
• Solution:
• The thermal efficiency of a power plant is defined as the power produced divided by the
energy consumed.
• According to the data in Table 1-1, 223.6 Quad Btu of energy is consumed in all power
plants worldwide, and 74.5 Quad Btu of electricity is produced.

• The overall thermal efficiency of producing electricity is then

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(b) calculate the total amount of energy lost during the
production of electricity by all energy sources.
The difference between the total energy value of fuel
consumption to produce electricity (223.6 Quad Btu, third
column, last row) and the actual amount of electricity consumed
by all end-use sectors (74.5 Quad Btu, last column, fifth row) is
equal to the energy lost during the production and distribution of
electricity, which is equal to ,

223.6 − 74.5 = 149.1 Quad Btu

The difference between the totals in the second and
last column is equal to
Energy lost = 589.0 − 438.8 = 150.2 Quad
quad is a unit of energy equal to 1015 (a short-scale quadrillion) BTU, or 1.055×1018 joule (1.055
Btu
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exajoules or EJ) in SI units 13
(c) Calculate the amount of electricity
produced in kWh

• The amount of electricity produced is

expressed in kWh as,

1KJ = 0.94782 BTU

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 Consequen
ces of
Fossil Fuel
Combustio
n

PM-Particulate matter

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ACTIVITY
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Tasks..

1. Each one select number shown in the next slide.

2. Take 10 minutes time to search the information related to the topic

chosen ( Only Consider GCC COUNTRIES)

3. Speak about it (2 to 4 minutes)

@@@@ JUST FOR SHARING THE INFORMATIONS ………….

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 1 2 3
SOLAR ENERGY WIND ENERGY BIOENERGY

4 5 6
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY HYDROPOWER OCEAN 21ENERGY
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