BSEE 2

Engineering Mechanics
(ENSC 018)

LESSON 1

Topic:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Sept 19, 2024

7:30am 10:30am
Room 304
 COURSE OUTLINE
• Lesson 1 Engineering Mechanics
Unit 1: Introduction / General Principles
• Lesson 2 Statics
Unit 1: Resultant of Force System
Unit 2: Equilibrium of Force System
Unit 3: Friction
Unit 4: Cables
Unit 5: Moment & Mass Moment of Inertia
Mid Term Exam
 COURSE OUTLINE
• Lesson 3 Dynamics
Unit 1: Rectilinear Motion
Unit 2: Free- falling Body
Unit 3: Curvilinear Motion
Unit 4: Rotary Motion
Unit 5: Newton’s Law of Motion
Unit 6: Impulse and Momentum
Unit 7: Uniform Circular Motion
Unit 8: Banking of Curves
Unit 9: Rotation of Rigid Bodies
Unit 10: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Final Exam
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Engineering Mechanics:
• Mechanics can be defined as the branch of physics
concerned with the state of rest or motion of bodies
that subjected to the action of forces.
• Kinetics is a part of dynamics that deals with bodies in
motion under the action of forces while kinematics
deals with bodies in motion without reference to the
forces that cause the motion
• The discipline devoted to the solution of mechanics
problems through the integrated application of
mathematical, scientific, and engineering principles.
• Special emphasis is placed on the physical principles
underlying modern engineering design.
• Engineering Mechanics is the branch of engineering
that applies the principles of mechanics to any design
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Engineering Mechanics:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Engineering Mechanics:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Statics
• Branch of mechanics which studies the effects
and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which
are and remain at rest.
• The body in which forces are acting is
assumed to be rigid.

Dynamics
• The branch of mechanics which deals or
concerned with the motion of bodies under the
action of forces.
• The science of the motion of bodies and the
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
Rigid Body
• Can be considered as a combination of a large
number of particles, and assumed to have no
deformation or change in size when subjected
to force.

Particle
• Has a mass, but it size can be neglected.

Mass
• is a quantity representing the amount of
matter in a particle or object.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Fundamental Concepts
• Length - is used to locate the position of a point in
space and thereby describe the size of a physical
system.

• Time - Although the principles of statics are time

independent.
- time plays an important role in the study of
dynamics.

• Force - is considered as a "push" or "pull" exerted

by one body on another.
- This interaction can occur when there is direct
contact between the bodies, such as a person
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
Fundamental Concepts
• Newton’s first law - A particle originally at rest or
moving in a straight line with constant velocity, tends to
remain in this state provided the particle is not subjected
to an unbalanced force.
• Newton’s second law - A particle acted upon by an
unbalanced force “F” experiences an acceleration “a”
that has the same direction as the force and a
magnitude that is directly proportional to the force.
• Newton’s third Law - the mutual forces of action
between two particles are equal, opposite, and collinear.
• Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction - a law
governing the gravitational attraction between any two
particles.
• Weight - refers to the gravitational attraction of the
earth on a body or quantity of mass. The weight of a
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
Units of Measurement:
• SI units: The international System of units.
The SI system defines length in meters (m),
time in seconds (s), and mass in kilograms
(kg).
• US customary: In the U.S. Customary
system of units (FPS) length is measured in
feet (ft),of
System time in seconds (s), and force in pounds
(lb).
units
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
Conversion Factors
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Prefixes:
When a numerical quantity is either very Large
or very small, the units used to define its size
may be modified by using a prefix.
FORCE VECTORS
 FORCE
• Force may be defined as any action
that tends to change the state of rest
or motion of a body to which it is
applied.

• Force is a vector quantity

• Three quantities / properties

1. Magnitude
2. Point of application
3. Direction of application/Line of
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
• Types of Force:
1. Concentrated Force / Load
2. Uniformly Distributed Force / Load
3. Uniformly Varying Force / Load
4. Couple / Moment
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Fundamental Concepts
• Effects of Force on a body
Whenever a force acts on a body or
particle, it may produce some external as
well as internal effects or changes.
• A force may change the state or position of a
body by inducing motion of the body. (External
effect)
• A force may change the size or shape of an
object when applied on it. It may deform the
body thus inducing internal effects on the
body.
• A force may induce rotational motion into a
Types of Quantities:
1. Scalar and
2. Vectors
Scalar - any positive or negative physical
quantity that can be completely specified by its
magnitude.
Examples:
time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass

(+) or (-)

Magnitude or Value = _____

Vectors
Vector - any physical quantity that requires both
a magnitude and direction for its complete
description.
- A vector is shown graphically by an arrow.
- The length of the arrow represents the
magnitude of the vector, and a fixed axis
defines the direction of its line of action.
- The head of the arrow indicates the sense
of direction of the vector.
F

Ø
 Vectors

For handwritten work, it is often convenient to denote a

vector quantity by simply drawing an arrow on top it A .
In print, vector quantities are represented by bold face
letters such as A, and its magnitude of the vector is
italicized, A.
Scalar and Vectors
Vector Operations
Multiplication and division of vector by a scalar:
If a vector is multiplied by a positive scalar, its
magnitude is increased by that amount. When
multiplied by a negative scalar it will also change
the directional sense of the vector.
Vector addition: All vector quantities obey the
parallelogram law of addition. (Please refer to the
succeeding slides)
Vector subtraction: The resultant of the difference
between two vectors 𝐀 and 𝐁 of the same type may
be expressed as:
Vectors
Vector addition of forces:
Experimental evidence has shown that a force is
a vector quantity since it has a specified
magnitude, direction, and sense and it adds
according to the parallelogram law.
Finding a Resultant Force:
The two component forces 𝐅 𝟏 and 𝐅𝟐 acting on
the pin in can be added together to form the
resultant force.
Vectors
Parallelogram and Triangular
Law.
Vectors
Finding the components of a force:
Sometimes it is necessary to resolve a force
into two components in order to study its
pulling and pushing effect in two specific
directions.
Components of a Force:
Vectors
Addition of several forces:

If more than two forces are to be added

successive applications of the parallelogram law
can be carried out in order to obtain the
resultant force. For example if the three forces
𝐅 𝟏, 𝐅𝟐, 𝐅 𝟑 act at a point o, the resultant of any
two of the forces is found (𝐅𝟏 + 𝐅𝟐) and then
this resultant is added to the third force yielding
the resultant of all three forces (𝐅𝐑 = (𝐅𝟏 + 𝐅𝟐)
+ 𝐅𝟑).
Addition of several forces:
Vectors
Trigonometry
analysis:
Redraw a half portion
of the parallelogram to
illustrate the triangular
head to tail addition of
the components. From
this triangle, the
magnitude of the
resultant force can be
determined using the
law of cosines, and its
direction is determined
from the law of sines.
The magnitudes of two
Scalar and Vectors
Examples 1:
Determine the x and y components of the forces
as shown below.
Scalar and Vectors
Solution: Consider the
Figure,
Using Trigonometric
Functions:
For F1: Cos 30 = Fx1 / F1; Sin 30 =
Fy1/F1
Fx1 = 58cos30∘ = 50.23 kN
Fy1 = 58sin30∘ = 29 kN

Similarly;
For F2
Fx2 = −50cos45∘ = −35.36
kN
For F350sin45∘ = 35.36 kN
Fy2 = For F4
Fx3 = −45(5/13) = −17.31 Fx4 = 40 kN
kN Fy4 = 0
Fy3 = −45(12/13 )=
Scalar and Vectors
Examples: 2.
The screw eye is subjected to two forces, 𝐅𝟏
and 𝐅𝟐. Determine the magnitude and
direction of the resultant force. (Ans: 𝐹𝑅 = 213
N, ∅ = 54.7°)
Solution:
Draw the Free Body Diagram
(FBD)
FBD
Problem 3:
Solution:
Draw FBD
Assignment:
1. Resolve the 30 lb force into components along the
u and v axes and determine the magnitude of each of
these components. (Ans: 𝐹𝑢 = 22.0 lb 𝐹𝑣 = 15.5
lb)
Assignment:
2. Determine the magnitude of the resultant
force acting on the screw eye and its direction
measured clockwise from the x axis.
 Take Aways and Assignment:
1. Relax and Enjoy Studying
2. Don’t hesitate to ask questions
3. Read/Solve Assignment Problems
4. Advanced Reading for next Topic
5. Ingatz……
6. Pray…….
7. That’s all for today class, God bless
and see you next meeting…
That’s all for today
class, God bless
and see you next
meeting…