11001010101010 11001010110001101010

11001010101010
IPv4 ADDRESSING

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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE

Network and Host Portions

• An IPv4 address is a 32-bit hierarchical address that is made up of a network portion and a host
portion.
11001010101010

11001010101010
• When determining the network portion versus the host portion, you must look at the 32-bit
stream.
• A subnet mask is used to determine the network and host portions.

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IPv4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE

The Subnet Mask

• To identify the network and host portions of an IPv4 address, the subnet mask is compared to the
IPv4 address bit for bit, from left to right.
11001010101010

11001010101010
• The actual process used to
identify the network and
host portions is called
ANDing.

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IPv4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE

The Prefix Length

Subnet Mask 32-bit Address Prefix

• A prefix length is a less cumbersome Length
method used to identify a subnet mask
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11001010101010
address 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 /8

• The prefix length is the number of bits set 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 /16
to 1 in the subnet mask.
255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 /24
• It is written in “slash notation” therefore,
count the number of bits in the subnet 255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 /25
mask and prepend it with a slash.
255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 /26

255.255.255.224 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 /27

255.255.255.240 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 /28

255.255.255.248 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 /29

255.255.255.252 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 /30

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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE

Determining the Network: Logical AND
• A logical AND Boolean operation is used in determining the network address.
• Logical AND is the comparison of two bits where only a 1 AND 1 produces a 1 and any other combination results in a
11001010101010

0.

11001010101010
• 1 AND 1 = 1, 0 AND 1 = 0, 1 AND 0 = 0, 0 AND 0 = 0
• 1 = True and 0 = False

• To identify the network

address, the host IPv4 address
is logically ANDed, bit by bit,
with the subnet mask to
identify the network address.

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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE

IPv4 10.54.126.126 10.54.126.130
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.128
11001010101010

11001010101010
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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 ADDRESS STRUCTURE

Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses

• Within each network are three types of IP addresses:

• Network address
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11001010101010
• Host addresses
• Broadcast address
Network Portion Host Portion Host Bits

Subnet mask 255 255 255 0

255.255.255.0 or /24 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Network address 192 168 10 0

192.168.10.0 or /24 All 0s
11000000 10100000 00001010 00000000
First address 192 168 10 1
192.168.10.1 or /24 All 0s and a 1
11000000 10100000 00001010 00000001
Last address 192 168 10 254
192.168.10.254 or /24 All 1s and a 0
11000000 10100000 00001010 11111110
Broadcast address 192 168 10 255
192.168.10.255 or /24 All 1s
11000000 10100000 00001010 11111111

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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 UNICAST, BROADCAST, AND MULTICAST

Unicast

• Unicast transmission is sending a packet to one destination IP address.

• For example, the PC at 172.16.4.1 sends a unicast packet to the printer at 172.16.4.253.
11001010101010

11001010101010
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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 UNICAST, BROADCAST, AND MULTICAST

Broadcast

• Broadcast transmission is sending a packet to all other destination IP addresses.

• For example, the PC at 172.16.4.1 sends a broadcast packet to all IPv4 hosts.
11001010101010

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 11001010110001101010

IPv4 UNICAST, BROADCAST, AND MULTICAST

Multicast

• Multicast transmission is sending a packet to a multicast address group.

• For example, the PC at 172.16.4.1 sends a multicast packet to the multicast group address 224.10.10.5.
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11001010101010
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 11001010110001101010

TYPES OF IPv4 ADDRESSES

Public and Private IPv4 Addresses

• As defined in in RFC 1918, public IPv4

addresses are globally routed between
Network Address and
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11001010101010
internet service provider (ISP) routers. RFC 1918 Private Address Range
Prefix
• Private addresses are common blocks of
addresses used by most organizations to 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
assign IPv4 addresses to internal hosts.
172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
• Private IPv4 addresses are not unique and can
be used internally within any network.
192.168.0.0/16 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
• However, private addresses are not globally
routable.

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TYPES OF IPv4 ADDRESSES

Routing to the Internet

• Network Address Translation (NAT) translates

private IPv4 addresses to public IPv4
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11001010101010
addresses.

• NAT is typically enabled on the edge router

connecting to the internet.

• It translates the internal private address to a

public global IP address.

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 11001010110001101010

TYPES OF IPv4 ADDRESSES

Special Use IPv4 Addresses

•Loopback addresses
• 127.0.0.0 /8 (127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254)
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11001010101010
• Commonly identified as only 127.0.0.1
• Used on a host to test if TCP/IP is operational.

•Link-Local addresses
• 169.254.0.0 /16 (169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254)
• Commonly known as the Automatic Private IP Addressing
(APIPA) addresses or self-assigned addresses.
• Used by Windows DHCP clients to self-configure when no
DHCP servers are available.

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TYPES OF IPv4 ADDRESSES

Legacy Classful Addressing

•RFC 790 (1981) allocated IPv4 addresses in

classes
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11001010101010
• Class A (0.0.0.0/8 to 126.0.0.0/8)
• Class B (128.0.0.0 /16 – 191.255.0.0 /16)
• Class C (192.0.0.0 /24 – 223.255.255.0 /24)
• Class D (224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0)
• Class E (240.0.0.0 – 255.0.0.0)

• Classful addressing wasted many IPv4 addresses.

•Classful address allocation was replaced with classless
addressing which ignores the rules of classes (A, B, C).

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TYPES OF IPv4 ADDRESSES

Assignment of IP Addresses

The Internet Assigned Numbers

Authority (IANA) manages and allocates
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blocks of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to five
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).

RIRs are responsible for allocating IP

addresses to ISPs who provide IPv4
address blocks to smaller ISPs and
organizations.

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NETWORK SEGMENTATION
Broadcast Domains and Segmentation

• Many protocols use broadcasts or multicasts (e.g.,

ARP use broadcasts to locate other devices, hosts
11001010101010

11001010101010
send DHCP discover broadcasts to locate a DHCP
server.)
• Switches propagate broadcasts out all interfaces
except the interface on which it was received.
• The only device that stops broadcasts is a router.
• Routers do not propagate broadcasts.
• Each router interface connects to a broadcast
domain and broadcasts are only propagated
within that specific broadcast domain.

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 11001010110001101010

NETWORK SEGMENTATION
Problems with Large Broadcast
Domains

• A problem with a large broadcast domain is

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11001010101010
that these hosts can generate excessive
broadcasts and negatively affect the
network.
• The solution is to reduce the size of the
network to create smaller broadcast domains
in a process called subnetting.
• Dividing the network address 172.16.0.0 /16
into two subnets of 200 users each:
172.16.0.0 /24 and 172.16.1.0 /24.
• Broadcasts are only propagated within the
smaller broadcast domains.
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NETWORK SEGMENTATION
Reasons for Segmenting Networks

• Subnetting reduces overall network traffic and improves network performance.

• It can be used to implement security policies between subnets.
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11001010101010
• Subnetting reduces the number of devices affected by abnormal broadcast traffic.

• Subnets are used for a variety of reasons including by;

Location Group or Function Device Type

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SUBNET AN IPv4 NETWORK

Subnet on an Octet Boundary

• Networks are most easily subnetted at the octet boundary of /8, /16, and /24.
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11001010101010
• Notice that using longer prefix lengths decreases the number of hosts per subnet.

Prefix Length Subnet Mask Subnet Mask in Binary (n = network, h = host) # of hosts
nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
/8 255.0.0.0 16,777,214
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
/16 255.255.0.0 65,534
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh
/24 255.255.255.0 254
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET AN IPv4 NETWORK

Subnet on an Octet Boundary

• In the first table 10.0.0.0/8 is subnetted using /16 and in the second table, a /24 mask.
Subnet Address Host Range Subnet Address Host Range
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11001010101010
Broadcast Broadcast
(256 Possible Subnets) (65,534 possible hosts per subnet) (65,536 Possible Subnets) (254 possible hosts per subnet)

10.0.0.0/16 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.255.254 10.0.255.255 10.0.0.0/24 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.254 10.0.0.255

10.1.0.0/16 10.1.0.1 - 10.1.255.254 10.1.255.255 10.0.1.0/24 10.0.1.1 - 10.0.1.254 10.0.1.255
10.0.2.0/24 10.0.2.1 - 10.0.2.254 10.0.2.255
10.2.0.0/16 10.2.0.1 - 10.2.255.254 10.2.255.255
… … …
10.3.0.0/16 10.3.0.1 - 10.3.255.254 10.3.255.255
10.0.255.0/24 10.0.255.1 - 10.0.255.254 10.0.255.255
10.4.0.0/16 10.4.0.1 - 10.4.255.254 10.4.255.255 10.1.0.0/24 10.1.0.1 - 10.1.0.254 10.1.0.255
10.5.0.0/16 10.5.0.1 - 10.5.255.254 10.5.255.255 10.1.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 - 10.1.1.254 10.1.1.255

10.6.0.0/16 10.6.0.1 - 10.6.255.254 10.6.255.255 10.1.2.0/24 10.1.2.1 - 10.1.2.254 10.1.2.255

… … …
10.7.0.0/16 10.7.0.1 - 10.7.255.254 10.7.255.255
10.100.0.0/24 10.100.0.1 - 10.100.0.254 10.100.0.255
... ... ...
... ... ...
10.255.0.0/16 10.255.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 10.255.255.255 10.255.255.0/24 10.255.255.1 - 10.2255.255.254 10.255.255.255

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET AN IPv4 NETWORK

Subnet within an Octet Boundary

• Refer to the table to see six ways to subnet a /24 network.

Subnet Mask in Binary
11001010101010

11001010101010
Prefix Length Subnet Mask # of subnets # of hosts
(n = network, h = host)
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nhhhhhhh
/25 255.255.255.128 2 126
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnhhhhhh
/26 255.255.255.192 4 62
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnhhhhh
/27 255.255.255.224 8 30
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnhhhh
/28 255.255.255.240 16 14
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnhhh
/29 255.255.255.248 32 6
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnhh
/30 255.255.255.252 64 2
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET A SLASH 16 AND A SLASH 8 PREFIX

Create Subnets with a Slash
Prefix Length Subnet Mask Network Address (n = network, h = host) # of subnets # of hosts
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
/17 255.255.128.0 2 32766

16 prefix
11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
/18 255.255.192.0 4 16382
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
/19 255.255.224.0 8 8190
11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
• The table highlights all the nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnhhhh.hhhhhhhh
11001010101010

/20 255.255.240.0 16 4094

11001010101010
11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
possible scenarios for /21 255.255.248.0
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnhhh.hhhhhhhh
32 2046
subnetting a /16 prefix.
11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnhh.hhhhhhhh
/22 255.255.252.0 64 1022
11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnh.hhhhhhhh
/23 255.255.254.0 128 510
11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh
/24 255.255.255.0 256 254
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nhhhhhhh
/25 255.255.255.128 512 126
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnhhhhhh
/26 255.255.255.192 1024 62
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnhhhhh
/27 255.255.255.224 2048 30
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnhhhh
/28 255.255.255.240 4096 14
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnhhh
/29 255.255.255.248 8192 6
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnhh
/30 255.255.255.252 16384 2
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET AN IPv4 NETWORK

Create 100 Subnets with a Slash 16 prefix

•Consider a large enterprise that requires at least 100

subnets and has chosen the private address
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11001010101010
172.16.0.0/16 as its internal network address.

• The figure displays the number of subnets that can

be created when borrowing bits from the third
octet and the fourth octet.
• Notice there are now up to 14 host bits that can be
borrowed (i.e., last two bits cannot be borrowed).

•To satisfy the requirement of 100 subnets for the

enterprise, 7 bits (i.e., 27 = 128 subnets) would need to
be borrowed (for a total of 128 subnets).
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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET AN IPv4 NETWORK

Create 1000 Subnets with a Slash 8 prefix

•Consider a small ISP that requires 1000 subnets for

its clients using network address 10.0.0.0/8 which
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11001010101010
means there are 8 bits in the network portion and 24
host bits available to borrow toward subnetting.
• The figure displays the number of subnets that can be
created when borrowing bits from the second and third.
• Notice there are now up to 22 host bits that can be
borrowed (i.e., last two bits cannot be borrowed).

•To satisfy the requirement of 1000 subnets for the

enterprise, 10 bits (i.e., 210=1024 subnets) would need
to be borrowed (for a total of 128 subnets)

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET TO MEET REQUIREMENTS

Subnet Private versus Public IPv4
Address Space
•Enterprise networks will have an:
11001010101010

• Intranet - A company’s internal network

11001010101010
typically using private IPv4 addresses.
• DMZ – A companies internet facing servers.
Devices in the DMZ use public IPv4
addresses.
• A company could use the 10.0.0.0/8 and
subnet on the /16 or /24 network
boundary.
• The DMZ devices would have to be
configured with public IP addresses

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET TO MEET REQUIREMENTS

Minimize Unused Host IPv4 Addresses and Maximize Subnets

•There are two considerations when planning subnets:

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11001010101010
• The number of host addresses required for each network
• The number of individual subnets needed
Prefix Length Subnet Mask Subnet Mask in Binary # of subnets # of hosts
(n = network, h = host)
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nhhhhhhh
/25 255.255.255.128 2 126
11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnhhhhhh
/26 255.255.255.192 4 62
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnhhhhh
/27 255.255.255.224 8 30
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnhhhh
/28 255.255.255.240 16 14
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnhhh
/29 255.255.255.248 32 6
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000
nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnnn.nnnnnnhh
/30 255.255.255.252 64 2
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100

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 11001010110001101010

SUBNET TO MEET REQUIREMENTS

Example: Efficient IPv4 Subnetting

• In this example, corporate headquarters has

been allocated a public network address of
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11001010101010
172.16.0.0/22 (10 host bits) by its ISP
providing 1,022 host addresses.
• There are five sites and therefore five
internet connections which means the
organization requires 10 subnets with the
largest subnet requires 40 addresses.
• It allocated 10 subnets with a /26 (i.e.,
255.255.255.192) subnet mask.

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
Host Addresses without Subnetting
0
11001010101010

11001010101010
Address Space
.00000000

255
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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
Host Addresses with One Bit Borrowed for Subnetting
Borrowed Bit
First Bit 0
11001010101010

11001010101010
0 Address Space Subnet 1
.00000000

127
128

Address Space Subnet 2

1
.10000000

255

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
Host Addresses with Two Bits Borrowed for Subnetting
Borrowed Bits Second Bit 0 1
First Bit 0 64
11001010101010

11001010101010
0 Address Space Subnet 1 Address Space Subnet 2
.00000000 .01000000

63 127
128 192

Address Space Subnet 3 Address Space Subnet 4

1
.10000000 .11000000

191 255

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
Address Space 3 subnetted with additional bit borrowed
Borrowed Bits Second Bit 0 1
0 64
11001010101010

11001010101010
0 Address Space Subnet 1 Address Space Subnet 2
.00000000 .01000000

63 127
Third Bit
128 192
Address Space Subnet 3A
0
.10000000
159 Address Space Subnet 4
1
160 Address Space Subnet 3B .11000000
1 .10100000

191 255

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
Address Space 3B subnetted with additional bit borrowed
Borrowed Bits Second Bit 0 1
First Bit 0 64
11001010101010

11001010101010
0 Address Space Subnet 1 Address Space Subnet 2
.00000000 .01000000

63 127
Third Bit
128 192
Address Space Subnet 3A
0
.10000000
159 Address Space Subnet 4
1
Fourth Bit 0 160 Address Space Subnet 3B1 .11000000
1 .10100000 175
176 Address Space Subnet 3B2
1
.10110000 191 255

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
IPv4 Address Conservation

•Given the topology, 7 subnets are required (i.e, four LANs and three WAN links) and the largest
number of host is in Building D with 28 hosts.
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• A /27 mask would provide 8 subnets of 30 host IP addresses and therefore support this topology.

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
IPv4 Address Conservation

•However, the point-to-point WAN links only require two addresses and
therefore waste 28 addresses each for a total of 84 unused addresses.
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11001010101010
• Applying a traditional subnetting scheme to this scenario is not very efficient and is wasteful.
• VLSM was developed to avoid wasting addresses by enabling us to subnet a subnet.

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
VLSM

• The left side displays the traditional subnetting scheme

(i.e., the same subnet mask) while the right side
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11001010101010
illustrates how VLSM can be used to subnet a subnet and
divided the last subnet into eight /30 subnets.
• When using VLSM, always begin by satisfying the host
requirements of the largest subnet and continue
subnetting until the host requirements of the smallest
subnet are satisfied.

The resulting topology with VLSM applied.

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 11001010110001101010

VLSM
VLSM Topology Address Assignment

Using VLSM subnets, the LAN and inter-router networks can be addressed without unnecessary waste
as shown in the logical topology diagram.
11001010101010

11001010101010
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 11001010110001101010

STRUCTURED DESIGN
IPv4 Network Address Planning

•IP network planning is crucial to develop a scalable solution to an enterprise network.

11001010101010

11001010101010
• To develop an IPv4 network wide addressing scheme, you need to know how many subnets are
needed, how many hosts a particular subnet requires, what devices are part of the subnet, which
parts of your network use private addresses, and which use public, and many other determining
factors.

•Examine the needs of an organization’s network usage and how the subnets will be
structured.
• Perform a network requirement study by looking at the entire network to determining how each area
will be segmented.
• Determine how many subnets are needed and how many hosts per subnet.
• Determine DHCP address pools and Layer 2 VLAN pools.
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STRUCTURED DESIGN
Device Address Assignment

•Within a network, there are different types of devices that require addresses:
• End user clients – Most use DHCP to reduce errors and burden on network support staff. IPv6 clients
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11001010101010
can obtain address information using DHCPv6 or SLAAC.
• Servers and peripherals – These should have a predictable static IP address.
• Servers that are accessible from the internet – Servers must have a public IPv4 address, most often
accessed using NAT.
• Intermediary devices – Devices are assigned addresses for network management, monitoring, and
security.
• Gateway – Routers and firewall devices are gateway for the hosts in that network.

•When developing an IP addressing scheme, it is generally recommended that you have a

set pattern of how addresses are allocated to each type of device.
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KEY TERMS
Key Terms
 octet boundary
 intranet
 DMZ (demilitarized zone)
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 variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)

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 11001010110001101010

SUMMARY
Summary
 IPv4 Addressing Structure
 IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast
11001010101010

 Types of IPv4 Addresses

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 Network Segmentation
 Subnet an IPv4 Network
 Subnet a /16 and a /8 Prefix
 Subnet to Meet Requirements
 Variable-Length Subnet Masking
 Structured Design

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 11001010110001101010

CHECK YOUR
11001010101010

11001010101010
UNDERSTANDING
QUESTIONS

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 11001010110001101010

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 1:
What is the prefix length notation for the subnet mask 255.255.255.224?
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11001010101010
A. /25

B. /26

C. /27

D. /28

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 11001010110001101010

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 2:
How many valid host addresses are available on an IPv4 subnet that is configured with a /26 mask?
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11001010101010
A. 254

B. 190

C. 192

D. 62

E. 64

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 11001010110001101010

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 3:
Which subnet mask would be used if 5 host bits are available?
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11001010101010
A. 255.255.255.0

B. 255.255.255.128

C. 255.255.255.224

D. 255.255.255.240

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 11001010110001101010

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 4:
A network administrator subnets the 192.168.10.0/24 network into subnets with /26 masks. How many equal-sized
subnets are created?
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A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 8

E. 16

F. 64

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 5:
What subnet mask is represented by the slash notation /20?
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A. 255.255.255.248

B. 255.255.224.0

C. 255.255.240.0

D. 255.255.255.0

E. 255.255.255.192

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 6:
Which statement is true about variable-length subnet masking?
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A. All the subnets are equally sized.

B. The sizes of subnets may be different, depending on requirements.

C. Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.

D. Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 7:
Why does a Layer 3 device perform the ANDing process on a destination IPv4 address and subnet mask?
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A. to identify the broadcast address of the destination network

B. to identify the host address of the destination host

C. to identify faulty frames

D. to identify the network address of the destination network

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 8:
How many usable IPv4 addresses are available on the 192.168.1.0/27 network?
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A. 256

B. 254

C. 62

D. 30

E. 16

F. 32

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 9:
Which subnet mask would be used if exactly 4 host bits are available?
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A. 255.255.255.224

B. 255.255.255.128

C. 255.255.255.240

D. 255.255.255.248

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 10:
Which of the following are components of an IPv4 address? (Choose two.)
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A. subnet portion

B. network portion

C. logical portion

D. host portion

E. physical portion

F. broadcast portion

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 11:
If a network device has a mask of /30, how many IPv4 addresses are available for hosts on this network?
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A. 64

B. 8

C. 2

D. 32

E. 16

F. 4

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 12:
What does the IPv4 address 172.17.4.250/24 represent?
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A. network address

B. multicast address

C. host address

D. broadcast address

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 13:
If a network device has a mask of /28, how many IP addresses are available for hosts on this network?
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A. 256

B. 254

C. 62

D. 32

E. 16

F. 14

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 14:
What is the purpose of the subnet mask in conjunction with an IPv4 address?
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A. to uniquely identify a host on a network

B. to identify whether the address is public or private

C. to determine the subnet to which the host belongs

D. to mask the IP address to outsiders

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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS

Question – 15:
A network administrator is variably subnetting a network. The smallest subnet has a mask of 255.255.255.224. How
many usable host addresses will this subnet provide?
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A. 2

B. 6

C. 14

D. 30

E. 62

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QUESTION NO: 77
You are tasked with verifying the following requirements are met in order to ensure network
security.
Datacenter
Ensure network is subnetted to allow all devices to communicate properly while minimizing address
space usage Provide a dedicated server to resolve IP addresses and hostnames correctly and handle
port 53 traffic.
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Building A
Ensure network is subnetted to allow all devices to communicate properly while minimizing address
space usage Provide devices to support 5 additional different office users.
Add an additional mobile user
Replace the Telnet server with a more secure solution.
Screened subnet
Ensure network is subnetted to allow all devices to communicate properly while minimizing address
space usage Provide a server to handle external 80/443 traffic.
Provide a server to handle port 20/21 traffic.

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220
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