Computer

Networks
ECAP453
 Lecture outcome
Data communications
 Components, Data representation, dataflow

Data Flow
Physical Structures
◦ Types of Connection
◦ Physical Topology

Categories of Network
 Data Communication
Local sharing
Data Communication
Remote sharing

Telecommunication
Data Communication
Remote sharing

Telecommunication
telephony,
Data Communication
Remote sharing

Telecommunication
telephony,
telegraphy,
Data Communication
Remote sharing

Telecommunication
telephony,
telegraphy,
and television
Data Communication
Remote sharing

Telecommunication
telephony,
telegraphy,
and television
, means communication at a
distance
Data Communication
Remote sharing

telecommunication
WHAT IS DATA ?
The word data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the
parties creating and using the data.
WHAT IS DATA
COMMUNICATION?
Exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium
such as a wire cable.
A computer network allows to
be shared.
A. Resources
B. Information
C. Cables
D. Both a and b
WHAT IS DATA
COMMUNICATION?

 The effectiveness of a data
communications system depends on
 Delivery
 The effectiveness of a data
communications system
 Accuracy
depends on
 The effectiveness of a data
communications system
 Timeliness
depends on
 The effectiveness of a data
communications system
 Jitter
depends on
To which characteristics we are
talking about
Data must be received by the intended device
Accuracy
Delivery
Timeliness
Jitter
To which characteristics we are
talking about
Data must be received by the intended device
Accuracy
Delivery
Timeliness
Jitter

Delivery
To which characteristics we are
talking about
In the case of video and audio, _________ delivery means delivering data as
they are produced, in the same order that they are produced, and without
significant delay.
Accuracy
Delivery
Timeliness
Jitter
To which characteristics we are
talking about
In the case of video and audio, _________ delivery means delivering data as
they are produced, in the same order that they are produced, and without
significant delay.
A.Accuracy
B.Delivery
C.Timeliness
D.Jitter

C
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Message
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Message

TEXT
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Message

TEXT Audio
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Message

TEXT Audio Video

COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Sender
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Sender
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Sender
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Sender
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Sender
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Receiver

Computer Telephone Television

Workstation
handset
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
physical path by which a message
Transmission Medium transfers
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
physical path by which a message
Transmission Medium transfers

Twisted Pair Cable

COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
physical path by which a message
Transmission Medium transfers

Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable

COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
physical path by which a message
Transmission Medium transfers

Twisted Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber Optic Cable

COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Protocol
COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
Protocol
How many components of data
communication consist of ?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 1
How many components of data
communication consist of ?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 1

C
 DATA
REPRESENTATIONS
 DATA
REPRESENTATIONS
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow
Data Flow

TELEPHONE NETWORK
In which mode, communication
is unidirectional
Full-duplex
Half-duplex
Full-duplex
Simplex
In which mode, communication
is unidirectional
A. Full-duplex
B. Half-duplex
C. Full-duplex
D. Simplex

D
Which of the following is an
example of a simplex device.
A. Keyboard
B. Walkie-Talkie
C. Tap
D. Repeater
Which of the following is an
example of a simplex device.
A. Keyboard
B. Walkie-Talkie
C. Tap
D. Repeater

A
In which mode, both can
transmit but not at the same
time
A. Simplex
B. Full-Duplex
C. Half-duplex
D. None of above
In which mode, both can
transmit but not at the same
time
A. Simplex
B. Full-Duplex
C. Half-duplex
D. None of above

C
In which mode, both can
transmit at the same time
A. Simplex
B. Full-Duplex
C. Half-duplex
D. None of above
In which mode, both can
transmit at the same time
A. Simplex
B. Full-Duplex
C. Half-duplex
D. None of above

B
The direction of signal flow
between two coupled devices is
referred to as .
A. Line configuration
B. Topology
C. Transmission Mode
D. Line Discipline
The direction of signal flow
between two coupled devices is
referred to as .
A. Line configuration
B. Topology
C. Transmission Mode
D. Line Discipline

C
Physical structures
Before discussing networks, we need to define some network attributes.
Point-to-Point Connection
Multipoint connection
Point-to-Point vs Multipoint
Point-to-point Multipoint

A method where two communication devices get A method where more than two communication
connected with each other forming a link between devices get linked to each other forming a
them. relationship between them.

A proper link between two devices exists. Stay connected at all times as they share the
connection.

The capacity of the system remains same. Become shared on a temporary basis.

One transmitter and one receiver. One transmitter and multiple receivers.

phone lines, rink line, mobile phone networks, digital Online working, offices, organizations, shared
cable, radio signals, and fiber optics. networks.
Physical Topology
FOUR BASIC TOPOLOGIES
MESH TOPOLOGY
 MESH TOPOLOGY
• Dedicated point-to-point
• Eliminating the traffic problems
• A mesh topology is robust.
• Advantage of privacy or security
• Fault identification and fault isolation easy
 MESH TOPOLOGY
• Dedicated point-to-point
• Eliminating the traffic problems
• A mesh topology is robust.
• Advantage of privacy or security
• Fault identification and fault isolation easy

Disadvantages
1.Amount of cabling
2.Number of I/O ports required
3.Installation and reconnection are difficult
4. The hardware required to connect each link
(I/O ports and cable) can be prohibitively
expensive
Star Topology
 Star Topology
• Dedicated point-to-point link only to a central
controller.
• Does not allow direct traffic
• The controller acts as an exchange
• Less expensive
• Easy to install and reconfigure
• Robustness.
 Star Topology
• Dedicated point-to-point link only to a central
controller.
• Does not allow direct traffic
• The controller acts as an exchange
• Less expensive
• Easy to install and reconfigure
• Robustness.

Dependency on a single point hub

less cable than a mesh
BUS TOPOLOGY
 BUS TOPOLOGY
• Multipoint
• One long cable acts as a backbone
• Transmits the data single direction
• Non-robust topology because if the backbone fails the topology
crashes.
• The cost of the cable is less
 BUS TOPOLOGY
• Multipoint
• One long cable acts as a backbone
• Transmits the data single direction

•non-robust topology because if the backbone fails the

topology crashes.
•The cost of the cable is less

•If the common cable fails, then the whole system

will crash down.
•If the network traffic is heavy, it increases
collisions in the network.
•Security is very low.
RING TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
• Dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two devices on either side of it.
• A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device, until it
reaches its destination
• Each device in the ring incorporates a repeater.
• Easy to install and reconfigure
•The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having
2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.
• Concept of Token
RING TOPOLOGY
Disadvantage
•The addition of stations in between or removal of stations can
disturb the whole topology.
•Less secure.
The physical or logical
configuration of a network is
referred to as .
A. Routing
B. Topology
C. Networking
D. Hub
The physical or logical
configuration of a network is
referred to as .
A. Routing
B. Topology
C. Networking
D. Hub

B
In which topology, central
controller is required
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology
In which topology, central
controller is required
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology

C
In which topology, concept of
token is required
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology
Which topology used the
concept of multipoint
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology
Which topology used the
concept of multipoint
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology

B
Devices in a mesh topology are
connected using ________ link
A. point-to-point
B. multipoint
C. single link
D. No link
Devices in a mesh topology are
connected using ________ link
A. point-to-point
B. multipoint
C. single link
D. No link

A
Which topology requires lots of
cabling
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology
Which topology requires lots of
cabling
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology

A
Which device known as
multipoint topology ?
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology
Which device known as
multipoint topology ?
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Ring Topology

B
What we call the combination of
two or more topologies
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Hybrid Topology
What we call the combination of
two or more topologies
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Hybrid Topology

D
Which device is popular for less
security and less privacy.
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Hybrid Topology
Which device is popular for less
security and less privacy.
A. Mesh Topology
B. Bus Topology
C. Star Topology
D. Hybrid Topology