Agusan National High School -

SHS

Communicative
ORAL

Strategies
COMMUNICATION 11
 Learning
Targets
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The students should be
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The students should be
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The students should be

1 2 3
able to identify the able to compare and able to apply the
different types of contrast the functions different types of
communication of communication communication
strategies. strategies. strategies in their daily
lives.
Introductio
Through the influence of technology

n
and the way we live today,
successful communication is not
hard to achieve most of the time.
But there are times that, however
we want the communication to be
effective, it does not flow the way
we want it to.
In this lesson, we will take a look at
different communication strategies
to become better communicators.
DEFINE:
Communicative
Strategies
Communicative strategies are plans and
methods of communicating information used
to attain a specific social, linguistic, or
psychological goal. It is bound by implicit rules
that requires strategies to be able to start and
maintain conversation.
The ability to employ such strategies ensures not only
the success of the speech but also the improvement of
the communication experience for both the speaker
and the listener.
Communicati
on
Strategies
Nomination

Restriction

Turn-Taking

Topic Control

Topic Shifting

Repair

Termination
Nominatio
n
Nomination is a communicative strategy where one
speaker introduces a topic to be talked about.
Nomination is also a strategy that one uses when
they want to continue an interaction. You use this
strategy to open a topic and start a conversation.
Nomination is usually employed at the beginning of
interaction to set the purpose of conversation.

“Have you heard the news about P. Diddy ”?

You may start off with making inquiries,
giving compliment, asking for opinion, or “I saw your TikTok post on Facebook. It’s really
offering help. great.”
This could efficiently signal the beginning of “What can you say about our new plan for the
a new
project? Do you think it will work?”
topic in the conversation.
“You are the transfer student, right? Would you
like me to tour you around the campus?”
EXAMPLES:

 In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on

peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives. In this case, you
cannot decide to talk about something else.
 You are invited to the police station to answer some questions about
what you know about the accident .

Restriction
Restriction is a communication strategy where
responses are limited or restricted according to a set
standard. It is a strategy used when responses need to
be within the set categories or
instructions. These instructions confine you as a speaker
and limit what you can say.
 Turn-
Taking
Turn-taking is a communication strategy where one
speaker knows when to stop talking and gives the
other speaker the chance to talk about the topic. It
pertains to the process by which people decide who
takes the conversational floor.

Remember to listen to the other

EXAMPLE: person talking instead of just waiting
• You can employ this strategy by making your response shorter for your turn to talk. This way, you
yet informative enough to express your ideas and feelings. can have a meaningful and
• Spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or “You wanted to productive conversation. Also,
say something?” provide others a chance to speak. always show politeness when you
• Pausing is a nonverbal cue that will do as well. need to take the conversational floor
from the person currently speaking.
 EXAMPLES:
• During a board meeting, the director manages the communication and directs who may
speak to collectively develop the topic of conversation.
• In the senate session, the senate president presides the meeting. Senators who wish to
speak asks permission to the senate president.
• Expressions like “Okay, so much for that… “Let's go back to the topic.” and “Going back
to what we are talking about…” can be used to keep the conversation within the topic
when there is a sudden shift.

Topic
Control
Topic control refers to a communication strategy where
one speaker leads the conversation by asking
questions. This strategy keeps the communication
flowing without moving away from the topic. Using this
strategy makes the conversation to stay focused on the
topic throughout the discussion and keeps the
development of the topic going by asking questions.
 Topic EXAMPLE:

Shifting
Topic shifting is a communication strategy that • You may use conversational transitions that
is appropriate for introducing a new topic; this is indicate a shift like “By the way...”, “Before I
where the speaker intentionally or forget...”, “Which reminds me of,” and the
unintentionally changes the topic. Topic shifting like.
involves moving from one topic to another. This • In a report presentation you may use
strategy is used to change the topic to a new expressions like “Moving on to the next
one which helps keep going. . topic…”, “Now, let’s talk about…”, “This time,
let me tell you about…”

Remember that Topic shifting requires a good

timing. So, make sure that topic is adequately
discussed before changing it to another one.

There may be a need to shift topic when there’s a

pause in conversation, minimal response like
nodding and smiling.
 Repair
EXAMPLE:

• Speaker may use recasting or changing

the form of message to a more • When communication breaks down, one can use
understandable one using the following repair as a communication strategy because it
expressions: fixes or resolves what has been broken down by
“What I mean is….” clarification and repetition.
“What I am trying to say is that…”
• Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any socia
• The speaker may repeat his/her interaction (Schegloff et.al, 1977).
statements using the following
expressions:
“Let me repeat myself.”
“Again…”
“I would like to reiterate that…”

• In repair we address the problems in

speaking, listening, and comprehending
that they encounter in a conversation.
 Repair
EXAMPLE:

• Repair strategies also include requesting

clarification or making a clarifying • When communication breaks down, one can use
question, request for repetition, and repair as a communication strategy because it
request for definition, translation or fixes or resolves what has been broken down by
explanation. clarification and repetition.

 “I am sorry but what do you mean by “new • Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any socia
interaction (Schegloff et.al, 1977).
normal?”
 “Does it mean that we do not need to
come to school if there are no face-to-face
classes?
 “Can you please repeat the last part of the
instructions?”
 “Doc, can you please explain what a
ferritin test is?”
 “Could you please clarify your state?
Terminat
ion
Termination is a communication approach in which both speakers agree to conclude the
conversation with verbal or nonverbal signals. Sometimes the termination is fast and brief. It
is sometimes extended by corrections, further questions, or the continuation of a previously
covered topic. Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions
that end a topic in a conversation.
 This strategy is used to end an interaction or close a

Terminat
topic. Most of the time, the topic initiator or the
person who opened the topic takes responsibility to
signal the end of the discussion as well.

ion
EXAMPLE:

• You may use the following expressions to end a conversation:

“It’s nice catching up with you. I must be going.”
“Thanks for your time. See you around.
“Regards to your wife. See you soon.”

• On other situation, you may end the topic by sharing what you
learned from
the conversation.
Let's
Identify the communication strategies used in every
conversation below. ( 2 points each correct answer)

Try!
Should we add another
activity to the program?
For our first item on the
agenda, let's talk about the
Please identify three
possible problems with
What do you think, Rosa? budget for the student implementing the project.
council.
Let's
Identify the communication strategies used in every
conversation below. ( 2 points each correct answer)

Try!
The game is a great idea;
what about inviting a
Let's focus first on our first
agenda before we talk
I think that would be all. If
you have any questions,
about that. feel free to drop me an e-
speaker?
mail. Good day!
Thank You for
Listening!