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1K views

Instruments

Uploaded by

venusvinia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERIODONTAL INSTRUMENTS

INTRODUCTION

 Since ancient times when dental practitioner recognized the importance


of removal of calculus and dental plaque as a treatment for gum
disease, instruments were specifically designed to affect the procedure.

 Periodontal instruments are designed for specific purposes ; such as


removing calculus , root planing ,curettage and removing the diseased
tissue.
CLASSIFICATION
 Diagnostic instruments.
a. Mouth mirror
b. Periodontal probe
c. Explorer.
 Scaling, root planing and curettage instruments:

a. Sickle scaler
b. Curettes
c. Hoe, chisel and file scaler
d. Ultrasonic and sonic scaler
 Periodontal endoscope

 Cleansing and polishing

instruments.
 Surgical instruments.
BASIC DESIGN OF INSTRUMENTS

• Optimal weight of periodontal instrument should be


less than 15 gms.

• Optimal diameter of periodontal instrument should be


10 mm
MOUTH MIRROR
 Mouth mirror consists of small, cylindrical , metal shaft
with a metal disk attached at the end of it which hold the
mirror.
SIZES AND USES

SIZES OF MOUTH USES OF MOUTH


MIRROR: MIRROR:
 Size 1: 16mm  Indirect vision

 Size 2: 18mm  Indirect illumination

 Size 3: 20mm  Retraction

 Size 4: 22mm  transillumination

 Size 5: 24mm

Most commonly used mouth mirrors are size 4 and size 5.


EXPLORER

Explorer are used to :


 To locate caries and calculus deposits .

 To check smoothness of the root surfaces after root planing.


Shepered hook explorer- Orbans type explorer-
No:23
No:17

Used to diagnose dental Used for assesssment of


caries and irregular anterior root surfaces and
restortion margins. the facial and lingual surface
of posterior teeth….
PERIODONTAL PROBES

 Used to locate , measure and mark the pockets


and also to determine their course in individual
tooth.
William’s graduated periodontal probe

• Markings include 1,2,3,5,7,8,9 and 10 mm with


4mm and 6mm missing for ease in measuring.
• Used primarily to detect and measure
periodontal pockets and clinical attachment loss.
CPITN PROBE(WHO PROBE)

 CPITN E Probe(Epidemological Probe)


Marking: 3.5 and 5.5 mm

• CPITN C Probe(Clinical Probe)


Marking: 3.5,5.5,8.5 and 11.5 mm.
CPITN Probes are used for screening and monitoring
patients while recording CPITN index.

Uses :

• Measurement of pocket depth

• Detection of sub gingival calculus

• Used in assessment of treatment needs.


Nabers probe

 Used for determing the extend of furcation involvment in


multirooted teeth.
• It has a curved working end for accessing the furcation
area.
• Markings are at 3,6,9,12mm
SCALING AND ROOT PLANNING INSTRUMENTS

• These are instruments used to remove plaque and calculus


from tooth surfaces.
• Two types : scalers and curettes

• SCALERS

Uses :
 To remove supragingival plaque and calculus.
 To remove stains from tooth surfaces.
SURFACE SCALER
• These are instruments Used to remove
stains and calculus from broad facial and
lingual surfaces of
anterior teeth.

• The pointed tip


is always placed
mesially
to the tooth.
INTERDENTAL SCALER

Interdental scaler is a double ended instrument


with Spoon end and scaler end .

Scaler end is used for scaling


interdental areas of all teeth.

Spoon end is used for


removing stains from
cingulum area of anterior
teeth..
teeth Of anterior
SICKLE SCALERS
• Sickle scalers have a flat surface and two cutting edges that converge in a
sharply pointed tip.

 These is primarily used to remove supragingival plaque and calculus .


 The tip of the scaler can also used to remove
calculus from developmental grooves.
ANTERIOR JACQUETTE SCALER
• Anterior jacquette scaler- Used for scaling broad facial and lingual surface
on anterior and premolars .

• U15/30 Scaler-These are instruments with sickle scaler on one end and
anterior jacquette scaler on the other end.

Sickle Scaler

Anterior Jacquette
POSTERIOR JACQUETTE SCALER

• Used for removing


Supragingival calculus
on posterior teeth.

 The working ends are


designed to be opposite
images of one another.

 One end adapts to buccal surface


and other to lingual surface
of the tooth in one quadrant
and opposite in the other
quadrant.
CURETTES
 For removing deep subgingival calculus, root planing altered
cementum and removing the soft tissue lining the periodontal
pocket.

 Finer than scalers.

 Provide good access to deep pockets

 Rounded toe, no sharp points, can be inserted into deep pockets


with minimal soft tissue trauma.
comparison between Scalers and curettes
scalers curettes
• A curette is the instrument of
• Primarily used to remove choice for removing subgingival
calculus.
supragingival calculus .
• Each working end has a
• These have a flat surface cutting edge on both sides of
and two cutting edges that the blade and a rounded toe
converge in a sharply • In cross section , the blade
pointed tip. appears semicircular ( spoon-
shaped blade )
• Triangular cross section
UNIVERSAL CURETTES
AREA SPECIFIC CURETTES (gracey curette)

Gracey # 1-2 and 3-4 :anterior teeth.


Gracey # 5-6 : anterior teeth and premolars
Gracey # 7-8 and 9-10:posterior teeth : facial and
lingual
Gracey # 11-12 : posterior teeth : mesial
Gracey # 13-14 : posterior teeth : distal
Modifications
• Gracey #15-16 : modification of standard #11-12.
Combines a Gracey #11-12 with a # 13-14 shank
Designed for mesial surface of posterior teeth.

• Gracey #17-18 : modification of #13-14


is designed for distal surface of posterior teeth
terminal shank is elongated by 3mm.
CLEANSING AND POLISHING
INSTRUMENTS
RUBBER CUPS
BRISTLE BRUSH
DENTAL TAPES
CONCLUSION

 The advancing abilities of instrument makers, coupled with


the ingenuity of dental practitioners, have provided the
present practitioner with a multitude of instrument designs
capable of reaching nearly every portion of the dentition.

 Some of the more efficient instruments from past instruments


sets have withstood the test of long-term use and now appear
and reappear in newly created instrument sets.

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