MOBILE ROBOTICS

MCE 525

TOPIC: SOCIETAL IMPACT OF AI & ROBOTICS

And
RELATIONSHIP AI TO SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING & DATABASE
METHODOLOGY.

LECTURERS: PROF. OSUEKE & MRS KEHINDE

SOCIETAL IMPACT OF AI & ROBOTICS
Content
• Introduction

• Positive impact

• Negative impact

• Ethics
Introduction
• AI transforms the way we interact with technology.

• AI to be misused or abused. For example, AI-powered autonomous

weapons have the potential to cause significant harm and raise
concerns about accountability and responsibility.

• In addition, the use of AI in surveillance and law enforcement raises

questions about privacy and civil liberties.

• Every change, impact and affect us either positively or negatively.

Positive impact
• Increase in productivity level
• Reduce time wasting
Positive impact
• Ease of transportation

Robot shuttle
Positive impact
• Reduction in Human Error
• Saves human from risk
• Enhanced Safety and Security
Negative impact
• Unemployment – loss of jobs to machines
Negative impact cont.
• AI Bias
AI algorithms are built by humans, they can have built-in bias by those
who either intentionally or inadvertently introduce them into the
algorithm.

If AI algorithms are built with a bias or the data in the training sets they
are given to learn from is biassed, they will produce results that are
biassed.

This reality could lead to unintended consequences like the ones we

have seen with discriminatory recruiting algorithms and Microsoft’s
Twitter chatbot that became racist.
Negative impact cont.
• Increase Laziness

• Changes in Social Norms and Relationships

• Cybersecurity

• Privacy Concerns and Ethical Issues

Ethics
Is ensuring that AI doesn’t become so proficient at doing the job it was
designed to do that it crosses over ethical or legal boundaries.

…in

• Privacy (data collection, storage, use, informed consent, data

minimization)
• Distributive Justice
• Safety and Security vs surveillance
• Inherent bias in the data
Ethics cont.
• AI applications ingest massive amounts of data gathered by robot-
based sensors that requires real-time interpretation and actions.
That’s why this data is not sent off to the cloud for processing but is
analyzed at the edge—in the machine or close to it.
• Such edge computing gives machines real-time awareness and
enables robots to act on decisions much faster than humans, who
need to trust those decisions.
Ethics cont.
• Several public entities and international organisations across
countries are providing or working on guidelines for ethical AI
development and adoption.

• These entities include the US National Artificial Intelligence Advisory

Committee (NAIAC), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development’s (OECD) AI expert group, the European Commission’s
High-Level Expert Group on AI, and the UK Parliament’s House of
Lords Select Committee on AI.

• Similarly, private sector companies leading AI development, like

Microsoft and Alphabet, have released guidelines for ethical AI
development.
Ethics - Nigeria
• The Cybercrimes “(Prohibition and Prevention) Act, 2015”. This Act
creates a comprehensive legal, regulatory and institutional framework in
Nigeria to prohibit, prevent, detect, prosecute and punish cybercrime.

• The Act also encourages cybersecurity and protection of computer

systems and networks, electronic communications, data and computer
programs, intellectual property and privacy rights as well as the
protection of important national information infrastructure.
The Future

• The transformative impact of artificial intelligence on our society will

have far-reaching economic, legal, political and regulatory
implications that we need to be discussing and preparing for.
Conclusion

• The positive effects of AI have increased productivity and efficiency,

increased revenue for companies with AI technology, created new job
roles, driven innovation, and reduced human error.

• But challenges such as layoffs, labor market disruptions, privacy

issues, and gender-based and economic inequalities require attention.

• AI technologies must be created within ethical frameworks and must

address social issues.
Question?

• Give other examples of Societal Impacts.

RELATIONSHIP OF AI TO SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING & DATABASE
METHODOLOGY.
Introduction
• AI (Artificial Intelligence) has a significant and evolving relationship

with software engineering and database methodology. This

relationship is transforming the way software is developed, databases

are managed, and how businesses leverage data

What is Software Engineering?
• Software engineering refers to a study of a domain of a systematic,
disciplined, quantifiable approach to the planning, designing, implementing,
controlling the quality and maintenance of software systems.

• Software engineering is an engineering-based approach to software

development.

• A software engineer is a person who applies the engineering design process

to design, develop, test, maintain and evaluate computer software.
AI and Software Engineering
• AI has the potential to automate much of the tedious and error-prone
collaborative software development tasks and provide assistants to humans
by improving their productivity and allowing them to focus on the creative
aspects of software development.

• Various AI domains including machine learning, neural networks, deep

learning, and to improve the process of software engineering fundamental
and address major challenges, natural language processing could be applied.
Integration of AI in Software
Development
• Automated Code Generation:
AI can assist in generating code through techniques like natural
language processing (NLP) and machine learning. Developers can use AI
tools to automate repetitive and mundane coding tasks, which
increases productivity and reduces errors.

• Code Optimization:
AI can analyze code to identify performance bottlenecks and suggest
optimizations. It can help improve the efficiency and reliability of
software systems.
Integration of AI in Software
Development cont.
• Testing and Debugging:
AI-driven testing tools can autonomously test software applications,
identify bugs, and even propose fixes. This speeds up the testing
process and ensures software quality.

• Predictive Maintenance:
In the context of software engineering, AI can predict when software
components or systems are likely to fail. This is especially useful for
maintaining large software ecosystems and preventing critical failures.
AI-Oriented Software Engineering:
Challenges
• Role of SE and AI Professionals:
The primary challenge that the experts from other fields who will try to
accomplish AI oriented SE will face is to intersect both fields efficiently
in the real-world scenario.

In order to be successful in AI oriented SE, the professional need to

understand both principles of software engineering and the key
concept of artificial intelligence.
AI-Oriented Software Engineering:
Challenges
• Software Security, Quality and Reliability:
Software Security, Quality, and Reliability are important domains for
every software product that spans throughout the software
development lifecycle

• Relevant Software Tools:

In the software development life cycle, relevant Software Tools play a
crucial role that paves the way for requirements engineers, software
architects, developers, and testers to implement a software product
effectively with cost-efficiency.
Without suitable tools and techniques, completing each development
AI techniques across the software development life cycle
What is Database?
• Database – collection of data or pieces of information that is
organized especially for rapid search and retrieval used on a
computer.

• Database systems are software systems designed to efficiently store,

manage, and retrieve data. They offer a methodical technique to
arrange and navigate large volumes of data.
Integration of AI to Database
• Integration of AI to Database refers to the process of combining
Artificial Intelligence techniques with traditional database systems
to enhance data processing, analysis, and decision-making
capabilities.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence into Database Systems has

profound implications for data management and decision-making.

Through this integration, organizations and researchers may use AI to

make better decisions, do predictive analytics, and gain real-time
insights, promoting innovation and competitiveness in the age of big
data.
AI in Database Methodology:
• Data Management and Optimization:
AI can optimize database performance by intelligently indexing data,
allocating resources, and automating routine maintenance tasks. This
leads to more efficient data storage and retrieval.

• Query Optimization:
AI can analyze query patterns and optimize the database schema and
query execution plans for better performance. It can adapt to changing
workloads and data distributions.
AI in Database Methodology cont.
• Natural Language Queries:
AI-driven natural language interfaces make it easier for non-technical users to
interact with databases. Users can ask questions in plain language, and AI
interprets these queries and retrieves relevant data.

• Data Security:
AI can enhance database security by continuously monitoring for anomalies
and potential threats. It can identify unauthorized access and protect against
data breaches.

• Data Analytics and Insights:

AI and machine learning techniques are used to extract meaningful insights
from large datasets. This aids in decision-making, trend analysis, and predictive
modeling.
AI powered DB over Conventional DB
Future of AI and Database
Integration
• Intelligent Database Interface (IDI): AI-driven interfaces will
become more user-friendly and intuitive, enabling natural
language interactions with databases, and increasing non-technical
users' ability to access and manipulate data.

• Learnable Databases: Databases will become more adaptive

because of user queries and usage trends, optimizing data
organization, indexing on their own, and enhancing query
performance.
Future of AI and Database
Integration
• Smart Queries: AI algorithms will improve query optimization,
providing more effective and context-aware query processing,
resulting in faster insights and less query complexity.

• Autonomous databases: In the future, we'll see fully autonomous

databases that can self-monitor, self-tune, and self-repair,
minimizing downtime and manual database maintenance
activities, increasing reliability , and lowering operating costs.
Thank you for Listening.