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Atomic Models and Their Applications

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Israt Jahan Anisha
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23 views8 pages

Atomic Models and Their Applications

Uploaded by

Israt Jahan Anisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Atomic Models

and their
Applications
Atomic models have evolved over time. They provide a framework
for understanding the fundamental building blocks of matter.

by Jahid Uddin Rafi


Dalton's Atomic Model (1803)
1 Indivisible Atoms 2 Identical Atoms
Dalton believed that All atoms of the same
atoms were the smallest element were identical in
particles of matter and mass and properties, but
could not be broken down different from atoms of
further. other elements.

3 Combining Atoms
Atoms of different elements could combine in simple whole-
number ratios to form compounds.
Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1897)
Positive Sphere Plum Pudding Analogy

Thomson proposed that atoms were made of a sphere The model was named after the plum pudding dessert,
of positively charged material, with small, negatively as electrons were thought to be scattered like plums in
charged electrons embedded within it. a pudding of positive charge.
Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911)

Gold Foil Experiment Dense Nucleus Orbiting Electrons


Rutherford's experiments involved Rutherford proposed that atoms Electrons were thought to orbit
firing alpha particles at a thin gold contained a small, dense, positively around the nucleus, similar to planets
foil. Most particles passed straight charged nucleus at the center, orbiting the sun, held in place by
through, but some were deflected at containing most of the atom's mass. electrostatic attraction.
large angles.
Bohr's Atomic Model (1913)
Key Feature Description

Quantized Energy Levels Electrons can only exist in


specific, discrete energy
levels, which are quantized.

Electron Jumps Electrons can jump between


energy levels by absorbing or
emitting photons of light.

Spectral Lines The emitted photons


correspond to specific
wavelengths of light,
resulting in spectral lines.
Quantum Mechanical Model
(1926)
1 Wave-Particle Duality
Electrons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like
properties. Their precise position and momentum cannot
be known simultaneously.

2 Probability Distribution
The quantum mechanical model describes the probability
of finding an electron in a particular region of space
around the nucleus, rather than a precise orbit.

3 Atomic Orbitals
The probability distribution of an electron is described by
atomic orbitals, which have specific shapes and energies.
Applications of Atomic Models

Chemistry Physics
Atomic models are crucial for They are used in fields such as
understanding chemical reactions, nuclear physics, particle physics,
bond formation, and the properties and astrophysics to explain the
of elements and compounds. behavior of matter at the atomic
and subatomic level.

Technology Medicine
Atomic models have led to the They play a vital role in medical
development of technologies such imaging techniques such as X-ray,
as lasers, transistors, and nuclear MRI, and PET scans, used for
energy. diagnosing and treating diseases.
Conclusion and Key
Takeaways
Evolution of Models Foundation of Science
Our understanding of the Atomic models provide a
atom has evolved over time, fundamental framework for
from simple models to more understanding the building
complex and sophisticated blocks of matter and how
ones. they interact.

Scientific Progress
The development of atomic models has driven significant
advances in various scientific disciplines and technological
innovations.

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