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Fingerprinting Basics

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32 views

Fingerprinting Basics

Uploaded by

adleyjadey21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.

net
Fingerprint Principles
According to criminal investigators, fingerprints follow
3 fundamental principles:
• A fingerprint is an individual characteristic; no two
people have been found with the exact same
fingerprint pattern.
• A fingerprint pattern will remain unchanged for the
life of an individual; however, the print itself may
change due to permanent scars and skin diseases.
• Fingerprints have general characteristic ridge
patterns that allow them to be systematically
identified.
Fingerprint Classes
There are 3 specific classes for all fingerprints based
upon their visual pattern: arches, loops, and whorls.

Each group is divided into smaller groups


as seen in the lists below.

Arch Loop Whorl


Plain arch Radial Loop Plain whorl
Central pocket whorl
Tented arch Ulnar loop Double loop whorl
Accidentical
Interesting Info
Fingerprint Factoid:
60% of people have loops, 35% have whorls,
and 5% have arches

Did you know?


Dactyloscopy is the study of fingerprint identification.
Police investigators are experts in collecting
“dactylograms”, otherwise known as fingerprints.
Arches
Arches are the simplest type of fingerprints that are formed by
ridges that enter on one side of the print and exit on the other.
No deltas are present.
Spike or “tent”

Plain Arch Tented Arches


Ridges enter on one side and Similar to the plain arch,
exit on the other side. but has a spike in the center.
Left

Loops Hand

Loops must have one delta and one or more


ridges that enter and leave on the same
side. These patterns are named for their
positions related to the radius and ulna Ulna
bones, i.e. the bone the loop opening is Radius
facing towards.

Delta

L – Radial Loop L – Ulnar Loop


R - Ulnar Loop R - Radial Loop
X-Ray Imagine: http://www.tooloop.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Radius-Ulna-X-Ray.jpg
Whorls
Whorls have at least one ridge that makes (or tends to make) a
complete circuit. They also have at least two deltas. If a print has
more than two deltas, it is most likely an accidental.

Central
Plain
Pocket
Whorl
Whorl

Draw a line between the two deltas in the plain and central pocket
whorls. If some of the curved ridges touch the line, it is a plain
whorl. If none of the center core touches the line, it is a central
pocket whorl.
Whorls – Part 2
Double Loop Whorl Accidental Whorl

Delta

Delta

Double loop whorls are Accidental whorls contain two


made up of any two loops or more patterns (not
combined into one print. including the plain arch), or
does not clearly fall under any
of the other categories.
Identify each fingerprint pattern.

Left Hand Right Hand

Right Hand

Right Hand Left Hand


It’s time to make
some prints!

Avoid
Partial
GOOD PRINT
Prints Get as much of the top part
of your finger as possible!
Directions
1st – Roll the “pad” portion of your thumb over the
ink pad from the left side of your thumb to the
right. You do not have to push down really hard!

2nd – Roll the “pad” portion of your thumb from the left side of
your thumb to the right in the correct box on your paper to make a
thumbprint.

3rd – Continue this process to make a fingerprint of all ten fingers


on the “My Prints” worksheet.

4th –Use your notes and a magnifying lens to help you figure out
what type of pattern is found in each of your fingerprints. Label
each one with the pattern’s name.
How do our fingerprint
patterns compare to the
expected averages?
Let’s determine the rate of occurrence
for our fingerprint patterns ...
Pattern # Total Prints %
Arch
Loop
Whorl

How do our results compare to the averages?


60% - Loops 35% - Whorls 5 % - Arches
__% - Loops __% - Whorls __% - Arches
Write a paragraph on your worksheet that summarizes our results.
Let’s determine the rate of occurrence
to compare males vs. females.
# # Total
Pattern %
Male Female Prints
Arch
Loop
Whorl
Which pattern is most common pattern among the males in this class?
Which is most common pattern among the females?
How do the averages for each sex compare to the expected averages?

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