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Unit 5

Application of integration in calculus

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reabetswemofokeng28
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7 views

Unit 5

Application of integration in calculus

Uploaded by

reabetswemofokeng28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Applications of Integration

Learning Outcomes:
• Write the formulas for the area between two curves.
• Calculate the area between two curves.
We use definite integrals to calculate the area between two curves. Consider the following
theorem
Theorem:
a) If and are continuous of on and for all , then the area of the region between two
curves, bounded by is given by .
b) If and are continuous of on and for all , then the area of the region between two
curves, bounded by is given by .

NB: Sometimes the lines and will not be given, so we must compute the intersection of the
two curves.
Functions of x. Top-Bottom .
Functions of y. Right-Left.
Exercises: Area between two curves
1. Calculate the area of the region bounded by the line and the x-axis or the y-axis.
Verify your answer i.e how else would you calculate this area?
2. a) Evaluate the integral .
b) Determine the area between and the x-axis on the interval .
3. Calculate the area between and .
4. Sketch the region enclosed by the given curves of y. Find the area of the region.
and .
Volume of a Solid of a Revolution

Learning Outcomes:
• Formulate and prove the expressions for the volumes of solids of
revolution,
• Calculate the volume of a solid of revolution using the disk/washer
method,
• Calculate the volume of a solid of revolution using the cylindrical shell
method.
Disk/Washer method
Theorem:
a) Let be a body bounded by two parallel planar surfaces perpendicular to the X-axis at
and . Assume that for every the cross section of perpendicular to the X-axis at given by .
Then the volume of is given by

provided that the function is integrable on

b) b) Let be a body bounded by two parallel planar surfaces perpendicular to the Y-axis at
and . Assume that for every the cross section of perpendicular to the Y-axis at given by .
Then the volume of is given by

provided that the function is integrable on

Proof[Part (a) In class]


Disk/Washer method

If the cross section is a disk [Sketch], then and therefore .

NB: Consider the X-axis and/or Y-axis.


Disk/Washer method

If the cross section is a washer [Sketch], then and therefore .

NB: Consider the X-axis and/or Y-axis.


Exercises
1. Find the volume of the solid by rotating the region bounded by the given
curves about the specified line. Sketch the region, the solid and a typical disk
or washer.

2. Find the volume of the solid by rotating the region bounded by the given
curves about the specified line. Sketch the region, the solid and a typical disk
or washer.

3. Find the volume of the solid by rotating the region bounded by the given
curves about the specified line. Sketch the region, the solid and a typical disk or
washer.
Cylindrical shells
Some volume problems are very difficult to calculate using the disk/washer
method e.g cubic functions, sin/cos functions.

Theorem:
a) Suppose is a non-negative continuous function on and that is the region
bounded by the curves . If is rotated about the Y-axis, then the volume of the
solid of revolution is given by

b) Suppose is a non-negative continuous function on and that is the region


bounded by the curves . If is rotated about the X-axis, then the volume of the
solid of revolution is given by
Proof:
Exercises

1. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating about the Y-axis the region
bounded by and .
2. Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the
given curves about the X-axis.
.

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