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KRR Lecture1

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20 views19 pages

KRR Lecture1

Uploaded by

anasaltaf7204
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Artificial Intelligence

Knowledge
First, observe that when we say something like “John knows
that . . . ,” we fill in the blank with a simple declarative sentence.
So we might say that “John knows that Mary will come to the
party” or that “John knows that Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated.” This suggests that, among other things, knowledge
is a relation between
a knower, like John, and a proposition , that is, the idea expressed by
a simple declarative sentence, like “Mary will come to the party”.
propositions is that they are abstract entities that can be true
or ,false,right or wrong. When we say that “John knows that ,” we
can just as well say that
“John knows that it is true that ”
A similar story can be told about a sentence like
“John hopes that Mary will come to the party.”
The same proposition is involved, but the
relationship John has to it is different. Verbs
like “knows,” “hopes,” “regrets,” “fears,” and
“doubts” all denote propositional attitudes ,
relationships between agents and
propositions.
Representation
The concept of representation is as philosophically vexing as that of
knowledge. Very roughly speaking, representation is a relationship
between two domains where the first is meant to “stand for” or take the
place of the second. Usually, the first domain, the representor, is more
concrete, immediate, or accessible in some way than the second. For
example, a drawing of a milkshake and a hamburger on a sign might stand
for a less immediately visible fast food restaurant; the drawing of a circle
with a plus below it might stand for the much more abstract concept of
womanhood; an elected legislator might stand for his or her constituency.
The type of representor that we will be most concerned with here is the
formal symbol, that is, a character or group of them taken from some
predetermined alphabet. As with all representation, it is assumed to be
easier to deal with symbols (recognize them, distinguish them from each
other, display them, etc.) than with what the symbols represent.
Knowledge Representation
Reasoning
Knowledge Representation Hypothesis
Knowledge-based systems
Example of KB
Cognitive penetrability
Entailment
Using Logic
Knowledge Level

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