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Bioshere Reserve 1

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Bioshere Reserve 1

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iamkoustav28112k
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Biosphere Reserves of India

A biosphere reserve is a unique kind of protected area that differs from a national
park, wilderness area, national forest, or wildlife refuge in having three very
different, but equal, aims:

➢ Conservation of genetic resources, species and ecosystem;

➢ Scientific research and monitoring; and

➢ Promoting sustainable development in communities of the surrounding region.

All three of these aims are equally important in a biosphere reserve. National
parks and other kinds of protected natural areas usually are primarily concerned
with conservation, and only secondarily with research and sustainable
development.
• The idea of biosphere reserves was initiated by UNESCO in
1973-74 under its Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme.
The MAB launched in 1971 by UNESCO proposes an
interdisciplinary research agenda and capacity building, aiming
to improve the relationship of people with their environment
globally.

• Man and the Biosphere Programme is governed by the MAB


Council or the International Co-ordinating Council (ICC),
consisting of 34 Member States (countries) elected by
UNESCO’s biennial General Conference. The MAB ICC guides
and supervises the MAB programme, review the progress and
recommend research projects to the countries.

• Man and the Biosphere programme targets the ecological,


social and economic dimensions of biodiversity loss. It uses
its World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) as a vehicle
for knowledge sharing, for research and monitoring, for
education and training, and in participatory decision making.
List Of Biosphere Reserves of India
No. Name of Biosphere Reserve Year of Notification Location (States)

Part of Wayanad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Madumalai, Nilambur, Silent Valley,


1 Nilgiri 1986
and Siruvani hills (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka).
2 Nanda Devi 1988 Part of Chamoli, Pithoragarh, and Bageshwar districts (Uttarakhand).
3 Nokrek 1988 Part of Garo Hills (Meghalaya).
4 Great Nicobar 1989 Southernmost islands of Andaman And Nicobar (A&N Islands).
5 Gulf of Mannar 1989 The Indian part of the Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka (Tamil Nadu).
Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamprup, and Darang districts
6 Manas 1989
(Assam).
Part of the delta of Ganges and Brahmaputra river system
7 Sunderbans 1989
(West Bengal).
8 Simlipal 1994 Part of the Mayurbhanj district (Orissa).
9 Dibru-Saikhowa 1997 Part of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia Districts (Assam).
10 Dehang-Dibang 1998 Part of Siang and Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh.
11 Pachmarhi 1999 Parts of Betul, Hoshangabad, and Chindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh.
12 Khangchendzonga 2000 Parts of Khangchendzonga hills and Sikkim.
Neyyar, Peppara, and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries and their adjoining areas
13 Agasthyamalai 2001
in Kerala.
Covers parts of Anupur and Dindori districts of M.P. and parts of Bilaspur
14 Achanakamar – Amarkantak 2005
districts of Chhattishgarh State.
Part of Kachchh, Rajkot, Surendra Nagar, and Patan Civil Districts of Gujarat
15 Kachchh 2008
State.
Pin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber
16 Cold Desert 2009
Wildlife Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh.
Seshachalam Hill Ranges covering parts of Chittoor and Kadapa districts of
17 Seshachalam Hills 2010
Andhra Pradesh.
18 Panna 2011 Part of Panna and Chhattarpur districts in Madhya Pradesh.
The purpose of formation of biosphere reserves is to conserve in-
situ all forms of life, along with its support system, in its totality, so
that it could serve as a referral system for monitoring and
evaluation of changes in natural ecosystem.

To fulfil the aims a biosphere reserve is divided into 3 zones:

1. Core area: The central core area of a biosphere reserve is


legally protected, where no human activity is allowed. The
biological communities and ecosystems are strictly protected.
2. Buffer zone: Usually surrounds and adjoins the core area,
where limited human activities are permitted. The human
activities are monitored and non-destructive researches are
carried out.
3. Transition Zone: Surrounding the buffer area is the transition
zone. This area may contain small villages, farms, fisheries and
limited non destructive human activities are allowed. Here
the local communities, management agencies, scientists, non-
governmental organizations, cultural groups, economic
interests and other stakeholders work together to manage and
sustainably develop the area's resources.
World’s first biosphere reserve was established in 1979, since then the network of world’s biosphere
reserves have increased to 701 sites in 124 countries (Source: MAB 2020). At present, there are 18
biosphere reserves in India. Of them, 11 biosphere reserves are the part of World’s Network of Biosphere
Reserves (WNBR) (Source: MAB 2020).

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