Scribd
Upload
14 views

Topic 1

concept of static

Uploaded by

Navin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Topic 1

concept of static

Uploaded by

Navin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

JJ205

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
CHAPTER 1 :
BASIC CONCEPTS
ON STATIC
PREPARED BY :
NORASYIDAH BT MOHD NOH
What is Mechanics?
Study of what happen when a thing
(technical name is BODY) when FORCE
is applied to it. Either the force or body
could be small or large.

Mechanic is the science which describes


and predicts the conditions of REST or
MOTION of bodies under the action of
FORCE.
MECHANICS

RIGID BODIES DEFORMABLE FLUIDS


Things that do not BODIES
change shape Things that do
change shape

STATIC DYNAMIC INCOMPRESSIBLE COMPRESSIBLE


A body having no motion, stay at rest
STATIC position due to no force acted to body or
due to balanced forces each other.

Relating to objects in motion, deal with


DYNAMIC movement and forces. The study of forces
and why objects are in motion.

Incompressible (isochoric) flow refers to


flow in which the material density is
constant within an infinitesimal volume
INCOMPRESSIBLE that moves with the velocity of the fluid.
An equivalent statement that implies
incompressible flow is that the divergence
of the fluid velocity is zero.

Compressibility is a measure of the relative


volume change of a fluid or solid as a
COMPRESSIBLE response to a pressure (or mean stress)
change.
STATIC : FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT

Quantities

Basic Derived
Basic quantities are Derived quantities are
quantities of which are quantities derived from
predetermined and they basic
are not derived from quantities
another quantities
Basic Quantities
NAME UNIT QUANTITY SYMBOL

Meter m Length l (a lowercase


L)
Kilogram kg Mass m

Second s Time t

Ampere A Electric Current I (a capital I)

Kelvin K Thermodynamic T
Temperature
Candela cd Luminous Iv (a capitai i
Intensity with lowercase
v subscript
Mole mol Amount of n
Substance
Derived Quantities
NAME UNIT QUANTITY SYMBOL

Square Meter m2 Area m2

Cubic Meter m3 Volume m3

Meter Per m/s Speed / Velocity m.s-1


Second
Cubic Meter Per m3/s Volumetric Flow m3.s-1
Second
Meter Per m/s2 Acceleration m.s-2
Second Square
Newton Second Ns Momentum, m.kg.s-1
Impuls
Radian Per rad/s Angular Velocity s-1
Second
Basic Quantities

Length – to locate the position of a point in


space, describe the size of a physical system .

Mass – a measure of a quantity to compare the


action of one body to another.

Time – conceived as a succession of events or


duration.

Force – represents the action of one body on


another. A force is characterized by its point of
application, magnitude, and direction.
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion:

• Newton’s First Law : a particle originally at rest, or moving in a


straight line with constant velocity, tends to remain in this state
provided the particle is not subjected to an unbalanced force.
• Newton’s Second Law : A particle will have an acceleration
proportional to a nonzero resultant applied force.
 
F ma

• Newton’s Third Law : The forces of action and reaction


between two particles have the same magnitude and line of
action with opposite sense.
• Newton’s Law of Gravitation : Two particles are attracted with equal
and opposite forces,
Mm GM
F G W mg , g 
r2 R2
Units of Measurument
 Quantities are everything that can be measured,
has value that can be expressed by numbers, and
has the certain units.
 Units are a statement that explains the meaning

of a quantity.
 Measurement is a process of comparing

something measured with another as measures


made as a standard. In other words,
measurement is the process of comparing a
quantity with another quantity which is used as
unit.
Example(s)
Length : 10
m
Physical
Quantity Value Unit
Mass : 50 Kg
Systems of Units
International System of Units (SI):
• The basic units are length, time, and mass which are arbitrarily defined as
the meter (m), second (s), and kilogram (kg).
• Force is the derived unit : F ma
 m
1 N 1kg   1 2 
 s 
• We use this equation to develop systems of units.
• Units are arbitrary names we give to the physical quantities.
Prefixes
 The International System of Units (SI)
specifies a set of unit prefixes known
as SI prefixes or metric prefixes.
 An SI prefix is a name that precedes
a basic unit of measure to indicate a
decadic multiple or fraction of the
unit.
 SI prefixes are used to reduce the
number of zeros shown in numerical
quantities before or after a decimal
Multiplication Factors
FACTOR PREFIX SYMBOL
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
101 deka da
10-1 deci de
10-2 centi c
10-3 mili m
10-6 micro μ
10-9 nano n
10-12 pico p
10-15 femto f
10-18 atto a
Numerical Calculation
DIMENTIONAL HOMOGENEITY
- each terms of any equation used to describe a physical must be expressed
in the same units.
- eg: s = ut + 1/2 at2 where s(m) = u(m/s) t(s) + ½ a(m/s2) t(s2)
m=m

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
- The numbers be rounded off to the appropriate number of significant digits
and then expressed in multiples.
- eg: for instance, 234 00 (has 5 sig. figures); to:
three significant figures = 23.4 (103)
two significant figures = 2.3 (104)
- eg: for the number beginning on zero, 0.00821 (has 5 sig. figures); to:
three significant figures = 8.21 (10-4)
two significant figures = 8.2 (10-3)
ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS
- the accuracy of the result will be the same.

9 For example:
8
Number 7 a) 3.5587 to 3 sig. fig. becomes 3.56
up 6 b) 0.5896 to 3 sig. fig. becomes 0.590
5 c) 9.3866 to 3 sig. fig. becomes 9.39
d) 75.25 to 3 sig. fig. becomes 75.3
4
3 e) 0.1275 to 3 sig. fig. becomes 0.128
Number 2
down 1
0

CALCULATIONS
- do not round off calculations until expressing the final result.
- to maintains precision of the final solution.
Examples :
CHAPTER END

You might also like