Scribd
Upload
21 views

Statistics Chapter1

statistics and probability chapter 1 note

Uploaded by

engineerhaile1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views

Statistics Chapter1

statistics and probability chapter 1 note

Uploaded by

engineerhaile1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Definition and Classification of Statistics


Statistics can be defined in two senses:
 Plural sense(Statistical Data)
 Statistics are collection of facts (figures).
 This meaning of the word is widely used when reference is made to facts and
figures on sales, employment or unemployment, accident, weather, death,
education, etc.
Examples: Sales Statistics, Labor Statistics, Employment Statistics, etc.
 In this sense the word Statistics serves simply as data.
 “But not all numerical data are statistics”.
 Singular sense(Statistical Methods)
 Statistics is the science that deals with the methods of data collection,
organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.
 It refers the subject area that is concerned with extracting relevant information
from available data with the aim to make sound decisions.
 According to this meaning, statistics is concerned with the development and
application of methods and techniques for collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing and interpreting statistical data.
Classifications of Statistics
 Data can be used in different ways.
 The body of knowledge called statistics is sometimes divided into two
main areas, depending on how data are used.
 The two areas are
1. Descriptive statistics: consists of the collection, organization,
summarization, and presentation of data.
 in descriptive statistics the statistician tries to describe a situation.
 Descriptive statistics are numbers that are used to summarize and
describe data.
 The word “data” refers to the information that has been collected from an
experiment, a survey, an historical record, etc.
 Descriptive statistics are just descriptive.
 They do not involve generalizing beyond the data at hand.
 Generalizing from our data to another set of cases is the business of
inferential statistics.
2. Inferential Statistics: The second area of statistics is called inferential
statistics.Inferential statistics consists of generalizing from samples to
populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining
relationships among variables, and making predictions.
 Here, the statistician tries to make inferences from samples to
populations.
 Inferential statistics uses probability, i.e., the chance of an event
occurring.
 You may be familiar with the concepts of probability through
various forms of gambling.
 If you play cards, dice, bingo, or lotteries, you win or lose
according to the laws of probability. Probability theory is also used
in the insurance industry and other areas.
 Most of the time it uses words like (will, would, may, might, can,
could, at least, chance of, etc and it explains about future
conditions and known as future agenda).

You might also like