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Statistics Chapter1

statistics and probability chapter 1 note

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22 views

Statistics Chapter1

statistics and probability chapter 1 note

Uploaded by

engineerhaile1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Definition and Classification of Statistics


Statistics can be defined in two senses:
 Plural sense(Statistical Data)
 Statistics are collection of facts (figures).
 This meaning of the word is widely used when reference is made to facts and
figures on sales, employment or unemployment, accident, weather, death,
education, etc.
Examples: Sales Statistics, Labor Statistics, Employment Statistics, etc.
 In this sense the word Statistics serves simply as data.
 “But not all numerical data are statistics”.
 Singular sense(Statistical Methods)
 Statistics is the science that deals with the methods of data collection,
organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.
 It refers the subject area that is concerned with extracting relevant information
from available data with the aim to make sound decisions.
 According to this meaning, statistics is concerned with the development and
application of methods and techniques for collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing and interpreting statistical data.
Classifications of Statistics
 Data can be used in different ways.
 The body of knowledge called statistics is sometimes divided into two
main areas, depending on how data are used.
 The two areas are
1. Descriptive statistics: consists of the collection, organization,
summarization, and presentation of data.
 in descriptive statistics the statistician tries to describe a situation.
 Descriptive statistics are numbers that are used to summarize and
describe data.
 The word “data” refers to the information that has been collected from an
experiment, a survey, an historical record, etc.
 Descriptive statistics are just descriptive.
 They do not involve generalizing beyond the data at hand.
 Generalizing from our data to another set of cases is the business of
inferential statistics.
2. Inferential Statistics: The second area of statistics is called inferential
statistics.Inferential statistics consists of generalizing from samples to
populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining
relationships among variables, and making predictions.
 Here, the statistician tries to make inferences from samples to
populations.
 Inferential statistics uses probability, i.e., the chance of an event
occurring.
 You may be familiar with the concepts of probability through
various forms of gambling.
 If you play cards, dice, bingo, or lotteries, you win or lose
according to the laws of probability. Probability theory is also used
in the insurance industry and other areas.
 Most of the time it uses words like (will, would, may, might, can,
could, at least, chance of, etc and it explains about future
conditions and known as future agenda).

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