HIRARC

Hazard Identification; Risk

Assessment; & Risk Control
LECTURER : DR NOR AZIMAH CHEW
ABDULLAH

Group Members
Muhammad Azree Bin Idris
(819229)
Mohd Fahmi Md Radzi
(820092)
Ermie Abdul Hamid (820185)
Subki Bin Ahmad (820195)
 Content

General Process Implementation

• Definition
• Model Implementation • Hazard Identification
• What is HIRARC ?
• Framework (HI)
Purpose of HIRARC
• Process of HIRARC • Hazard Identification
• OSH Acts and
• Classify Work Activities Technique
Regulation
• Tips For Classify Work • Risk Assessment (RA)
• OSH Management
Activities • Risk Control (RC)
System
• Hierarchy of Control
• Job Safety Analysis
(JSA)
• HIRARC Example
WHAT IS
HAZARD ?
 DEFINITION
‘…In risk management, the term “hazard” is used to mean
an event that could cause harm…’

(British Standards Institution (2004), BS8800: Occupational Health and Safety Management
Systems – Guide, British Standards Institution, London).

‘….Hazards are sources of potential harm to human health,

property or environment, which may, under certain
conditions, lead to accidents…’

(Lind et al., 2008, “Safety risk assessment in industrial maintenance”, Journal of Quality in
Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 205-217)
 DEFINITION

Hazard
A source or a situation with a potential for harm in
terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property,
damage to the environment or a combination of
these.
 DEFINITION

Risk…
‘…expose a business to potential advantage or
disadvantage, the likelihood of occurrence and consequence
of which can be measured and manage…..’

Sonia Bharwani David Mathews, (2012),"Risk identification and analysis in the hospitality
industry", Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes
 DEFINITION

Risk
A combination of
(i) the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous
event with specified period or in specified
circumstances
(ii) the severity of injury or damage to the health of
people, property, environment or any combination
of these caused by the event.
 What Is
HIRARC ?
‘…..In general, risk assessment should consist of hazard
identification, evaluation of preventive safety measures
and their functionality, estimation
Hazard Risk of exposure to the
hazards, and the evaluation
Identification of consequences and
Assessment
tolerability of the risk’
(Booty, F. (2006), Facilities Management Handbook, 3rd ed., Elsevier, Oxford).
estimate level of
risk and
determine
tolerability
 Hazard Risk Risk
Identification Assessment Control

Identify hazard estimate level of

source or situation reduce or
risk and
eliminate
determine
risk
tolerability
PURPOSE
OF
HIRARC
Enable organization to
identify, evaluate and HIRARC to cover
control its OSH risk on an for all existing
ongoing basis. and new
processes

To reduce accidents at
workplaces.
OSH ACTS & REGULATIONS
Instruction

( a ) The provision
and maintenance Training
of plant and systems
of work that are, so
far as is practicable,
safe and without risks Supervision
to health GENERAL DUTIES
OF EMPLOYERS
AND SELF –
EMPLOYED
PERSONS ( SECTION
15,OSHA 1994)
( b ) The making the
Section 15 ( 2 ) ( C ) The provision of
arrangements for
ensuring, so far as is such information,
practicable, safety instruction, training
and absence of risks and supervision as is
to health in necessary to ensure,
connection with the so far as practicable,
use or operation, safety and health at
handling, storage and work of his
transport of plant and employees.
substances.
OSH ACTS & REGULATIONS

Peraturan OSHMS
KKP MS 1722 :
(CIMAH) 2005.
1996

OTHERS

Peraturan OHSAS
KKP MS 18001
(USECHH : 2007
) 2000
OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OSH Management System
Occupational Safety and Health Management System Standard

This standard was established

in 1999 (rev. 2007)

This is a guidance
standard ILO OSH
presented to the management
governments of the system standard
world for adoption

This standard was

Widely used and certifiable
published in 2001
Model Implementation Framework
Who are involve-
HIRARC
SHO

SHC MEMBERS

PROCESS ENGINEER

PRODUCTION
MANAGER/
SUPERVISOR

EMPLOYEES

SUPPLIES /
CONTRACTOR
Methodology For HIRARC

‘As recent studies have shown, there are various risk

assessment tools and methodologies available to help an organization to
assess risk.
However, prevention of accidents is based on risk analysis,
which involves the identification of the hazards and the consequences
and the likelihood of occurrence of each hazard

(Lind et al., 2008, “Safety risk assessment in industrial maintenance”, Journal of Quality in
Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 205-217)
 Methodology For HIRARC

Document review Site Assessment Brainstorming

Policy, legal Observation, Discussion to

document, record of interview identify
accident, NCR,
audit result, O&M
Manual.
The Process - HIRARC
Classify work activities

Identify hazards

Conduct risk assessment, by

calculating or estimating

Decide if risk is tolerable and

apply control measures (if
necessary)
 Clasify Work Activity

• Routine and non-

routine activities (incl.
emergencies)
• Activities at workplace
Taking into account
(incl. contractors and
all
visitors)
activities at the
• Infrastructure,
workplace.
equipment and
materials at the
workplace.
 TIPS FOR CLASSIFY WORK
ACTIVITIES

Stage in
Physical production Not too Not too Defined
area line or big small task
process

Example
Example Example
:
Example: Example: : :
To
workplac Work To make To install
maintain
e process building the
the
screw
machine
HAZARD
IDENTIFICATIO
N
Means the identification of
undesired events/conditions
that lead to the
materialization of the hazard
mechanism by which those
undesired events could
occur.
Hazard Identification
 Hazard Classification

• Physical Hazard
Phy

• Biological Hazard Ergo

Bio Ergo • Ergonomic Hazard
Bio

• Psychological Hazard Chem

Chem • Chemical Hazard
Psy
Psy

Hazard identification need

to perform by every work
process at the workplace.
 Hazard Identification

• Physical Hazard
 Hazard Identification

• Chemical Hazard
Hazard Identification

Ergonomic Hazard
Hazard Identification

• Biological Hazard
Hazard Identification

• Psychological Hazard
Hazard Identification Techniques
 Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment

‘Risk assessment provides the foundation for successful health and safety
management and is key to reducing work-related accidents and
occupational diseases, which in turn helps improve work place health and
safety as well as business performance’

(Payne, 2000; European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, 2009).
 Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment

Two semi-quantitative risk assessment methods for occupational

risk assessment identified in the literature:

 Papadakis and Chalkidou (2008)

Based on risk matrices with two dimensions, namely, the frequency of occurrence
of an accident and the severity of its consequences.

 Marhavilas and Koulouriotis (2008)

The proportional risk assessment technique called the “RSPE” method based on the
function R1 4 SPE, where “R” is the risk, “S” is the severity of the accident
consequences, “P” the frequency of the accident and “E” the frequency of
employee exposure factor.
 Risk Assessment
Risk Asessment

The risk analysis tool British Standards Institution (2004)

‘….A risk rating matrix where the likelihood of harm is expressed

broadly as very unlikely, unlikely, likely and very likely together
with the severity of harm…’
 Risk Assessment
Risk Asessment

means the process of evaluating the risk to

safety and health arising from hazards at
work.
 Risk Control
means the process of implementing measures to control the
risk associated with a hazard.

Selecting a control often involves –

a. evaluating and selecting short and long term controls;
b. implementing short-term measures to protect workers until

permanent controls can be put in place; and

c. implementing long term controls when reasonably
practicable.

For example, suppose a noise hazard is identified. Short-term

controls might require workers to use hearing protection. Long term,
permanent controls might remove or isolate the noise source.
Hierarchy Of Control
Hierarchy Of Control
Elimination
Hierarchy Of Control
Substitution
Hierarchy Of Control
Isolation
Hierarchy Of Control
Engineering Control

Company name
Hierarchy Of Control
Administrative Control
Hierarchy Of Control
PPE – Safety helmet, mask,
safety shoe, apron, rubber
mat, Gloves, Ear muff, etc
 ENFORCEMENT
• Enforcement is to ensure that
proposed risk control is done to
minimize or eliminate the danger.
• Normally, the enforced and monitored
by the PIC appointed.
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
• A job safety analysis can be performed for all jobs in the workplace, whether the job
task is non-routine or routine.
• To determine which jobs should be analyzed first, review your job injury and illness
reports.
Example - HIRARC
 SUMMARY

• Set a Process to review OHS Hazards &

Risk
• Output/ results can be used to review :
* Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
* Training Materials
* Internal Audit
* Management Review/ Continuous
Improvement
* Justification for Budget allocations
 CONCLUSIONS

 Basic for OSH Management Is Hazard

Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control

 Various Risk Assessment Tools And Methodologies

Available To Help An Organisation To Assess Risk

 Basic for Hazard Management is Risk Assessment

 Selecting Of Control Should Follow Hierarchy Of

Control
 REFERENCES
 British Standards Institution (2004), BS8800: Occupational Health
and Safety Management Systems – Guide, British Standards
Institution, London.

 Booty, F. (2006), Facilities Management Handbook, 3rd ed., Elsevier,

Oxford.

 Cooke, R.M. (1997), “Uncertainty modelling: examples and issues”,

Safety Science, Vol. 26 Nos 1-2, pp. 49-60.

 Gambatese, J.A., Behm, M. and Rajendran, S. (2008), “Design’s role

in construction accident causality and prevention: perspectives
from an expert panel”, Safety Science, Vol. 46 No. 4, pp. 675-691

 Guidelines for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk

Control, Published by Department of Occupational Safety and
Health (DOSH) 2008.
 REFERENCES
 Langford, D., Rowlinson, S. and Sawacha, E. (2000), “Safety
behaviour and safety management: its influence on the attitudes
of workers in the UK construction industry”, Engineering,
Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 133-
140.

 Lind, S. (2008), “Types and sources of fatal and severe non-fatal

accidents in industrial maintenance”, International Journal of
Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 38 Nos 11-12, pp. 927-933.

 Lind, S., Nenonen, S. and Rahnasto, J.K. (2008), “Safety risk

assessment in industrial maintenance”, Journal of Quality in
Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 205-217.

 Marhavilas, P.K. and Koulouriotis, D.E. (2008), “A risk estimation

methodological framework using quantitative assessment
techniques and real accidents’ data: application in an aluminium
extrusion industry”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process
Industry, Vol. 21 No. 6, pp. 596-603.
 REFERENCES
 Papadakis,G.A. and Chalkidou,A.A.(2008),“The exposure-damage
approachinthe quantification of occupational risk in workplaces
involving dangerous substances”, Safety Science, Vol. 46 No. 6,
pp. 972-991.

 Papadopoulos, G., Georgiadou, P., Papazoglou, C. and Michaliou, K.

(2010), “Occupational and public health and safety in a changing
work environment: an integrated approach for risk assessment
and prevention”, Safety Science, Vol. 48 No. 8, pp. 943-946.

 Payne, T. (2000), Facilities Management: A Strategy for Success,

Chandos, Oxford.

 Stoneburner, G., Goguen, A. and Feringa, A. (2002), Risk

Management Guide for Information Technology Systems, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
 REFERENCES
 Sonia Bharwani David Mathews, (2012),"Risk identification and
analysis in the hospitality industry", Worldwide Hospitality and
Tourism Themes, Vol. 4 Iss 5 pp. 410 - 427

 V.M. Rao Tummala Y.H. Leung, (1996),"A risk management model

to assess safety and reliability risks", International Journal of
Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 13 Iss 8 pp. 53 - 62
VIDE
O
Thank You