NEWTON’S

LAWS OF
MOTION
PREPARED BY:
JOMEL FRAGO REBULADO
 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
FORCE- Push or a pull exerted by an object on another. It is a vector
quantity because it has both magnitude and direction

Force between two bodies that are in direct contact with each other is
called CONTACT FORCE
Force that acts even if the interacting bodies are separated by a distance
is called NONCONTACT OR ACTION-AT-A-DISTANCE FORCE

Examples of Contact Force

Friction and the force exerted by your muscles when you lift an
object .
Examples of Noncontact Forces
Gravitational Force, Electrostatic Force between charged bodies
and magnetic force
 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
FOUR FUNDAMENTAL FORCES OF NATURE

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
is the attractive force exerted by objects with the mass
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
is the force that holds atoms and molecules together.
STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
is the force between protons and neutrons in nucleus
WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
plays a role in the radioactive decay of some nuclei
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
ISAAC NEWTON
he was credited for
being the first to describe the
motion of massive objects and
formulate the three laws of
motion.

NEWTON’S LAWS of motion

constitute the fundamental
principles of dynamics, which
deals with force in relation to
the motion of an object

Newton’s first, second, and

third laws of motion are also
called the law of inertia, the law
of acceleration, and the law of
interaction, respectively.
LAW OF INERTIA
The Law of inertia states:
“ a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will
continue to move with constant velocity unless acted upon by an
unbalanced external force”

• Net Force or Resultant Force is the vector sum of all the forces
acting on a body
• A resultant force that is not equal to zero is considered an
UNBALANCED FORCE.

INERTIA is the property of a body that tends to resist change in its

state of motion.
MASS is a measure of inertia.
LAW OF INERTIA
“the greater the mass, the greater the inertia”
“the greater the inertia, the harder it is to change the
state of motion of a body”

The Law of Inertia is concerned with the natural tendency of objects

to keep their states, whether at rest or moving.
A ball stays in place unless it is kicked. An object in motion will remain
in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force.

Newton’s Law of Inertia as well as Republic Act 8750

(otherwise known as The Seat Belt Use Act of 1999) are the two
reasons why we should use seat belts.
LAW OF INERTIA
INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAME

A frame of reference where Newton’s first law of motion

holds is called INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAME.
Thus, a frame of reference that is at rest or moving with
constant velocity with respect to an observer is inertial.
Furthermore, a frame of reference that is moving with
constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame is also inertial.
Accelerated frames of reference are not inertial. Earth,
despite its rotation, is often considered an inertial frame
because its angular speed of 7.27 x 10 ^-5 radians/s is very
small.
LAW OF ACCELERATION
The first law of motion asserts that a body cannot by
itself change its state of motion; it must be acted upon by a
force to bring about such change.

The second law goes on a step further and states

that when a net force acts on a body, it will accelerated in
the direction of that force.

The acceleration of the body is directly proportional

to the net force acting upon it. Furthermore, the acceleration
is inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
LAW OF ACCELERATION
The first part of the second law implies that the
magnitude of the net force (F) acting on a body and the
magnitude of the acceleration it produced are directly
proportional to each other.
Recall in algebra that two quantities are directly
proportional to each other if their ratio is constant (k). Thus, for
a constant mass,

=k
Equivalently, if a force 1 F1 is applied to a body at one time
and a force 2 F2 is applied to the same body at another time, then
LAW OF ACCELERATION
The second part of Newton’s second law of motion implies
that the magnitude of the acceleration of a body produced by a net
force acting on it is inversely proportional to its mass.

The greater the mass of a body, the lesser the

acceleration

Recall in algebra that two quantities are inversely proportional to each

other if their product is constant (k). Thus, for a constant force,
ma=k
If the same force is applied to two different objects with masses
LAW OF ACCELERATION
Newton’s second law of motion tells us that the
acceleration of a body is dependent upon two variables:
the net force F acting upon the body and its mass m.

The combined effect of these two variables on the

acceleration of a body may be written in equation form as
F=ma Eq. (4.1)

The SI unit of Force is 1 newton (N). A force of 1

N is the force that will give a 1 kg body an acceleration of
1 m/s^2.
LAW OF ACCELERATION

A smaller unit of force is the dyne. A force of 1 dyne

will give a 1 g body an acceleration of 1 cm/s^2

1N=1
1 dyne = 1
1 N = dynes
LAW OF ACCELERATION
Three Important Things that must be remembered about
Eq. (4.1)

1. Net force is the resultant of all the forces acting on a body. It

should not include the forces being exerted by the body on
another.
2. Force and Acceleration are vector quantities. Hence, one
can write a separate equation for each component of the
force and the corresponding component of the acceleration,
in 3-D space. Thus
and
3. The equation may be applied to the entire system or to a
certain part of the system.
EXAMPLE 1
A 3.0 kg block is acted upon by a force F= (3.0 i + 4.0 j ) N.
(a) Find the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical
components of acceleration of the block. (b) Find the
magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block .
EXAMPLE 1
A 3.0 kg block is acted upon by a force F= (3.0 i + 4.0 j ) N.
(a) Find the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical
components of acceleration of the block. (b) Find the
magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block .
EXAMPLE 1
A 3.0 kg block is acted upon by a force F= (3.0 i + 4.0 j ) N.
(a) Find the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical
components of acceleration of the block. (b) Find the
magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block .
EXAMPLE 2
A skydiver of mass 50kg is mid jump and has an instantaneous
acceleration of 4m/s^2. What is the force exerted on the diver
from the air?
EXAMPLE 2
A skydiver of mass 50kg is mid jump and has an instantaneous
acceleration of 4m/s^2. What is the force exerted on the diver
from the air?
MASS AND WEIGHT
WEIGHT of the body on Earth is the measure of the
force of gravity exerted by the Earth on it. It is a vector quantity
and is always directed toward the center of Earth.
MASS is the amount of matter a body contains. It is a
scalar quantity.
The SI unit for mass is the kilogram. Mass and weight
are related as
w=mg
The unit of weight is kg.m/s^2 which is equivalent to
Newton.
The mass of a body is constant, while its weight
depends on the value of the acceleration due to gravity.
EXAMPLE 3
An astronaut weighs 931 N here on Earth. (a) What is
the mass on Earth? (b) What is his mass on the surface of
the moon? (c) What is his weight on the surface of the
moon? (Hint: The acceleration due to gravity on the surface
of the moon is 1.62 m/s^2)
EXAMPLE 3
An astronaut weighs 931 N here on Earth. (a) What is
the mass on Earth? (b) What is his mass on the surface of
the moon? (c) What is his weight on the surface of the
moon? (Hint: The acceleration due to gravity on the surface
of the moon is 1.62 m/s^2)
EXAMPLE 3
An astronaut weighs 931 N here on Earth. (a) What is
the mass on Earth? (b) What is his mass on the surface of
the moon? (c) What is his weight on the surface of the
moon? (Hint: The acceleration due to gravity on the surface
of the moon is 1.62 m/s^2)
EXAMPLE 4
A farmer is lifting some moderately heavy rocks from a field to
plant crops. He lifts a stone that weighs 40.0 lb. (about 180 N). What
force does he apply if the stone accelerates at a rate of 1.5m/s2??
EXAMPLE 4
A farmer is lifting some moderately heavy rocks from a field to
plant crops. He lifts a stone that weighs 40.0 lb. (about 180 N). What
force does he apply if the stone accelerates at a rate of 1.5m/s2??
LAW OF INTERACTION
Newton’s Third Law of Motion states
“ that for every action, there is an equal but opposite
reaction”
The statement means that in every interaction,
there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting
objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals
the size of the force on the second object.
Action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude
but opposite in directions and are assigned arbitrarily.
It is also important to note that action and reaction
forces act on two different bodies. Because of this, they
do not cancel out.
 EXAMPLE #5
While driving down the road, a firefly strikes the windshield of a
bus and makes a quite obvious mess in front of the face of the
driver. This is a clear case of Newton's third law of motion. The
firefly hit the bus and the bus hits the firefly. Which of the two
forces is greater: the force on the firefly or the force on the bus?
EXAMPLE 6
At a roller skating rink, a girl pushes a boy, causing the boy to
accelerate at 1.50 m/s^2 to the right. The masses of the boy and
the girl are 60.0 kg and 50 kg, respectively. (a) Find the force
exerted by the girl on the boy. (b) Find the force exerted by the boy
on the girl. (c) Find the acceleration of the girl.
EXAMPLE 6
At a roller skating rink, a girl pushes a boy, causing the boy to
accelerate at 1.50 m/s^2 to the right. The masses of the boy and
the girl are 60.0 kg and 50 kg, respectively. (a) Find the force
exerted by the girl on the boy. (b) Find the force exerted by the boy
on the girl. (c) Find the acceleration of the girl.
ASSIGNMENT
1. ANALYZE THE SAMPLE PROBLEM #4.4 IN PAGE 95-96.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Fritz and Russel of masses 35 kg and 55 kg, respectively, are
standing on a very slippery icy surface. Russel pushes Fritz to
the left with a force of 75 N. Find (a) the acceleration of Fritz, (b)
the force that Fritz exerts on Russel, and (c) the acceleration of
Russel.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of jupiter is 254
percent times that of Earth. An object has a mass of 55 kg here
on Earth. What will be its weight at the surface of Jupiter?
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
A 5.0 kg body has an acceleration of 2.5 m/s^2 directed 30
degrees north of west. Find (a) the horizontal and vertical
components of its acceleration and (b) the force that produces
this acceleration.