Scribd
Upload
15 views

L1: Forces Notes

Uploaded by

personeamistose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

L1: Forces Notes

Uploaded by

personeamistose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 46

Lesson 1

Forces
I can…..

● Define and provide examples of


force
● Describe the three types of
friction in a short story
● Calculate the weight of an object
KWL Chart - Forces and Newton’s Laws

Know Want to Know Learned


Focus Question

How does friction affect motion?


New Vocabulary

force
net force
friction
gravity
field
weight
Review Vocabulary

mass: the amount of matter in an object


What is force?

• A force is a push or a pull. Sometimes it is obvious


that a force has been applied, but other times it’s
not as noticeable. For example, the floor exerts a
force on your feet when you stand. The
atmosphere pushes against your body. Gravity pulls
on your body.
• A force can cause the motion of an object to
change.
What is force?

• The net force on an object is the sum of all the


forces acting on an object.
• Forces are measured in SI units of newtons (N).
What is force?
• Forces have direction so they follow the same
addition rules as displacement
Rules
1) Add forces in the same direction
2) Subtract Forces in opposite directions
3) Forces that are neither in the same direction
nor in opposite directions cannot be directly
added together
What is force?
• Forces can be balanced or unbalanced.
• The image below shows students pushing the
box in the same direction. The forces are
combined or added together.
What is force?
The students in this image are pushing in
opposite directions. The direction of the net
force is the same as the direction of the greater
force. Therefore, the student who pushes harder
causes the box to move in the direction of that
push.
What is force?

If the students push with the same size force but


in opposite directions, as shown below, the net
force on the box is zero because the two forces
cancel each other. These are called balanced
forces.
1:00 Partner

List as many real life examples


of force as possible.
Friction
• Suppose you give a skateboard a push with
your hand. After you let go, the skateboard
slows down and eventually stops. Because the
skateboard’s motion is changing as it slows
down, there must be a force acting on it. The
force is called friction.
• Friction is the force that opposes the sliding
motion of two surfaces that are touching each
other.
Friction
The amount of friction between two surfaces
depends on the surfaces and the force pressing
them together. Friction is caused by microwelds
that form between two surfaces. As shown, a
larger force pushing two surfaces together will
cause more bumps to come into contact.
Static Friction
• Static friction prevents two surfaces from
sliding past each other. It is due to
microwelds that form between two surfaces.
○ Object stays in place
2:00 Partner

Where do you notice static friction in the


room?
Sliding Friction

• Sliding friction opposes the motion of two


surfaces sliding past each other. It is caused
by microwelds constantly breaking and
forming as the objects slide past each other.
○ Object moves when a force is applied
3:00 Partner

Name some examples of where we see


sliding friction.
Rolling Friction

• Wheels would not work without friction. As


a wheel rolls, static friction acts over the
area where the wheel and surface are in
contact. This special case of static friction is
sometimes called rolling friction.
4:00 Partner

In terms of friction, discuss why tires


spin without the car moving when its
icy out.
Assignment

Science Friction Story


Gravity
• Gravity is an attractive force between any two
objects that depends on the masses of the
objects and the distance between them.
• Gravity acts on all objects with mass. It has an
infinite range.
Gravity
• The law of universal gravitation states that the
gravitational force between two objects
increases as the mass of either object increases
and as the objects move closer.
• The force of gravity between any two objects
can be calculated if their masses and the
distance between them are known.
Gravity
• According to the law of universal gravitation,
the gravitational force between two masses
decreases rapidly as the distance between the
masses increases.
Gravity

• Forces that act at a distance, without


requiring contact between objects, can be
explained using the concept of a field. A field
is a region of space that has a physical
quantity at every point.
• All objects are surrounded by a gravitational
field. Earth’s gravitational field is strongest
near Earth.
Gravity
• The gravitational force exerted on an object is the
object’s weight.

Weight Equation
weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational strength (N/kg)
Fg = mg
Gravity
• Fg is used for weight because weight is the force
due to gravity. Weight has units of newtons (N)
because it is a force. The subscript g stands for
gravity. The gravitational strength, g, has the units
N/kg. Recall that 1 N = 1 kg·m/s2. So g can also be
written with the units of m/s2.
• Weight is a force. Mass is a measure of the amount
of matter an object contains. Weight increases as
mass increases.
Gravity
• We often need to know an object’s weight on
Earth. At Earth’s surface, m1, is Earth’s mass, and d
is Earth’s radius. Using those values in the law of
universal gravitation shows that g = 9.8 N/kg near
Earth’s surface.
• The weight of an object can change, depending on
the gravitational force on the object. A person
would weigh only about one-sixth as much on the
Moon as on Earth.
Practice Time

An elephant has a mass of 5000 kg. What is the


elephant’s weight?

Fg = mg
Practice Time

A squirrel has a mass of 0.5 kg. What is its weight?

Fg = mg
Practice Time

A boy weighs 400 N. What is his mass?

Fg = mg
Practice Time

Find your mass if a scale on Earth reads 650 N when


you stand on it.

Fg = mg
Practice Time

An astronaut has a mass of 100 kg and has a weight of


370 N on Mars. What is the gravitational strength of
Mars?

Fg = mg
Practice Time

You weigh yourself at the top of a high mountain and


the scale reads 728 N. If your mass is 75 kg, what is
your gravitational strength?

Fg = mg
Focus Question

How does friction affect motion?


Quiz
1. What is the gravitational force exerted on an object
called?

A centripetal force

B weight CORRECT

C momentum

D friction speed
Quiz

2. Which explains why astronauts seem weightless in orbit?

A Earth’s gravity is much less at that distance from Earth.


CORRECT
B The spacecraft is in freefall.

C The gravity of Earth and the Sun cancel.

D The centripetal force on the shuttle balances


Earth’s gravity.
Quiz
3. Which term best describes the forces on an object with
a net force of zero?

A unbalanced forces C balanced forces


CORRECT

B inertia D acceleration
Quiz
4. Which body exerts the strongest gravitational force on
you?

A Moon C Earth CORRECT

B Sun D Your chair


Quiz
5. Which is not a force?

A weight C air resistance

B friction D momentum
CORRECT
KWL Chart - Forces and Newton’s Laws

Know Want to Know Learned


Assignment

Forces Worksheet

You might also like