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Design Specifications

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11 views

Design Specifications

Uploaded by

datamanagement396
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE -515: Design of Steel

Structures

Structural Steel Shapes


• Hot rolled sections
– (W) W-shapes (Wide Flange)
– (S) Sections
– (L) Angles
– (C) Channels
– (WT) Structural Tees
– HSS
– Plates, …………….
• Cold formed sections
• Built-up sections
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Hot rolled sections

W S C L WT or ST
(a) Wide-flange (b) American (c) American (d) Angle (e) Structural
Shape Standard Tee
Standard Channel
Beam

(f) Pipe (g) Structural


Section Tubing (h) Bars (i) Plates
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Hot rolled sections


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Cold formed sections

(a) Channels (b) Zees (c) I-shaped double channels

(d) Angles (e) Hat sections


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Built-up sections
CE -515: Design of Steel

Design Specifications Structures

• The specifications of most interest to the structural steel


designer are those published by the following
organizations.
– American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC): This
specification provides for the design of structural steel buildings
and their connections.

– American Association of State Highway and Transportation


Officials (AASHTO): This specification covers the design of
highway bridges and related structures.

– American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way


Association (AREMA): The AREMA Manual for Railway
Engineering covers the design of railway bridges and related
structures.

– American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI): This specification deals


with cold-formed steel.
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

AISC Specifications
• First AISC specification was issued in 1923.

• ASD has been primary method used for structural steel


buildings.

• Plastic design was made part of specifications in 1963.

• First LRFD specification was issued in 1986.

• AISC specification is published as a stand-alone document,


but it also part of the Steel Construction Manual.
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Design Philosophies
• The fundamental requirement of structural
design is that the required strength shall not
exceed the available strength.

required strength ≤ available strength

• Three design philosophies:


– Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
– Plastic Design
– Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
CE -515: Design of Steel CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures Structures

Allowable Stress Design


• A member is selected that has cross-sectional properties
that are large enough to prevent the maximum applied
stress from an allowable or permissible value.

required strength ≤ allowable strength


or
maximum applied stress ≤ allowable stress

• The allowable stress will be in the elastic range of the


material.

• It is also called elastic design or working stress


design.
Allowable Stress Design…
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Plastic Design
• It is based on failure conditions rather than working load
conditions.

• A member is selected by using the criterion that the


structure will fail at a load substantially higher than the
working load.

• Plastic hinges are formed creating a collapse


mechanism.

• Actual loads will be less than the failure loads by a factor of


safety known as load factor.
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Load and Resistance Factor Design


• LRFD is similar to plastic design in that strength, or failure condition,
is considered.

• Load factors are applied to the service loads.

• Theoretical strength of the member is reduced by the application of


a resistance factor.

factored load ≤ factored strength

• Factored load is the sum of all service loads each multiplied by its
own load factor.
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Load and Resistance Factor Design


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Load, Resistance Factors and Combinations

or
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Load combinations
• Section B2 of the AISC specification requires the use of load
factors and load combinations given in ASCE 7.
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Load combinations…
CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Steel Construction Manual


• First nine editions of the manual and
accompanying specifications were based on ASD.

• The ninth edition was followed by editions one


through three of the LRFD based manuals.

• The 13th edition incorporates both ASD and LRFD


specifications.

• The manual is divided into 17 parts.


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Steel Construction Manual…


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Steel Construction Manual…


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Steel Construction Manual…


CE -515: Design of Steel
Structures

Steel Construction Manual…

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