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HC SR04

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Anvitha Moilla
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6 views

HC SR04

Uploaded by

Anvitha Moilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HC-SR04

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
HC-SR04 Sensor Features
• Operating voltage: +5V
• Theoretical Measuring Distance: 2cm to
450cm
• Practical Measuring Distance: 2cm to
80cm
• Accuracy: 3mm
• Measuring angle covered: <15°
• Operating Current: <15mA
• Operating Frequency: 40Hz
Pin Pin Name Description
Number
1 Vcc The Vcc pin powers the sensor, typically with +5V
2 Trigger Trigger pin is an Input pin. This pin has to be kept high for
10us to initialize measurement by sending US wave.
3 Echo Echo pin is an Output pin. This pin goes high for a period of
time which will be equal to the time taken for the US wave to
return back to the sensor.
4 Ground This pin is connected to the Ground of the system.
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor – Working

As shown above the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4 pin module, whose pin names are Vcc, Trigger, Echo and
Ground respectively.

This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many applications where measuring distance or sensing objects are required.

The module has two eyes like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver.

The sensor works with the simple high school formula that

Distance = Speed × Time

The Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, this wave travels in air and when it gets objected by any material it
gets reflected back toward the sensor this reflected wave is observed by the Ultrasonic receiver module as shown in the
picture below
Now, to calculate the distance using the above formulae, we should know the Speed and time.

Since we are using the Ultrasonic wave we know the universal speed of US wave at room conditions which is 330m/s.

The circuitry inbuilt on the module will calculate the time taken for the US wave to come back and turns on the echo pin high
for that same particular amount of time, this way we can also know the time taken.

Now simply calculate the distance using a microcontroller or microprocessor.


How to use the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

HC-SR04 distance sensor is commonly used with both microcontroller and microprocessor platforms like
Arduino, ARM, PIC, Raspberry Pie etc. The following guide is universally since it has to be followed
irrespective of the type of computational device used.

Power the Sensor using a regulated +5V through the Vcc ad Ground pins of the sensor. The current consumed
by the sensor is less than 15mA and hence can be directly powered by the on board 5V pins (If available).

The Trigger and the Echo pins are both I/O pins and hence they can be connected to I/O pins of the
microcontroller. To start the measurement, the trigger pin has to be made high for 10uS and then turned off.

This action will trigger an ultrasonic wave at frequency of 40Hz from the transmitter and the receiver will wait
for the wave to return.

Once the wave is returned after it getting reflected by any object the Echo pin goes high for a particular amount
of time which will be equal to the time taken for the wave to return back to the sensor.

The amount of time during which the Echo pin stays high is measured by the MCU/MPU as it gives the
information about the time taken for the wave to return back to the Sensor. Using this information the distance
is measured.
Applications
• Used to avoid and detect obstacles with robots like biped robot, obstacle avoider robot, path
finding robot etc.
• Used to measure the distance within a wide range of 2cm to 400cm
• Can be used to map the objects surrounding the sensor by rotating it
• Depth of certain places like wells, pits etc can be measured since the waves can penetrate
through water
With the time it takes for the signal to travel to an object and back again,
we can calculate the distance using the following formula.

The speed of sound is variable, depending on what medium it’s


travelling through, in addition to the temperature of that medium.

However, some clever physicists have calculated the speed of sound at


sea level so we’ll take our baseline as the 343m/s.

If you’re trying to measure distance through water, this is where you’re


falling down – make sure you’re using the right speed of sound!

We also need to divide our time by two because what we’ve calculated
above is actually the time it takes for the ultrasonic pulse to travel the
distance to the object and back again.

We simply want the distance to the object! We can simplify the


calculation to be completed in our Python script
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
TRIG = 23
ECHO = 24
print "Distance Measurement In Progress"
GPIO.setup(TRIG,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(ECHO,GPIO.IN)
GPIO.output(TRIG, False)
print ("Waiting For Sensor To Settle“)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(TRIG, True)
time.sleep(0.00001)
GPIO.output(TRIG, False)
while GPIO.input(ECHO)==0:
pulse_start = time.time()
while GPIO.input(ECHO)==1:
pulse_end = time.time()
pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start
distance = pulse_duration x 17150
distance = round(distance, 2)
print ("Distance:",distance,"cm“)
GPIO.cleanup()

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