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Digestive System

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Дария Коваленко
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25 views

Digestive System

Uploaded by

Дария Коваленко
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digestive

System

Hiliova Anna
Digestion

Phases Include
1. Ingestion
2. Movement
3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination
Digestion


Types
 Mechanical (physical)
• Chew
• Tear
• Grind
• Mash
• Mix
 Chemical

Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
Digestive System Organization


Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
 Tube within a tube
 Direct link/path between organs
 Structures

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large Intestine

Rectum

4
Mouth


Teeth mechanically
break down food
into small pieces.
Tongue mixes food
with saliva
(contains amylase,
which helps break
down starch).
Mouth


Epiglottis is a flap-like
structure at the back
of the throat that
closes over the
trachea preventing
food from entering it.
It is located in the
Pharynx.
Esophagus


Approximately 20 cm long.

Functions include:
1. Secrete mucus
2. Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle
movement called peristalsis

If acid from the stomach gets
in here that’s heartburn.
Stomach
• J-shaped muscular bag that stores
the food you eat, breaks it down into
tiny pieces.
• Mixes food with Digestive Juices that
contain enzymes to break down
Proteins and Lipids.
Lipids
• Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills
Bacteria.
• Food found in the stomach is called
Chyme.

8
Small Intestine

Small intestines are roughly 7 meters
long

Lining of intestine walls has finger-like
projections called villi, to increase
surface area.

The villi are covered in microvilli which
further increases surface area for
absorption.

9
Small Intestine

Nutrients from the food pass into
the bloodstream through the small
intestine walls.


Absorbs:
 80% ingested water
 Vitamins
 Minerals
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins
 Lipids

• Secretes digestive enzymes


10
Large Intestine

About 1.5 meters long

Accepts what small intestines
don’t absorb
• Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
Large Intestine

Functions
– Absorbs more water
 Bacterial digestion
– Concentrate wastes
• Ferment carbohydrates
Accessory Organs The Glands

Not part of the

Include: Liver, gall
path of food, but bladder, and
play a critical role. pancreas
Liver

Directly affects digestion by
producing bile
 Bile helps digest fat
• filters out toxins and waste
including drugs and alcohol and
poisons.

14
Gall Bladder

• Stores bile from the


liver, releases it into
the small intestine.

Fatty diets can cause
gallstones
Pancreas


Produces digestive
enzymes to digest
fats, carbohydrates
and proteins

Regulates blood sugar
by producing insulin

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