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Lecture #1

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4 views

Lecture #1

Uploaded by

Emmanuel D Morris
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mother Paten College of Health

Sciences

Biology Department
Year II
Semester I 2024

General Zoology
(Zoo 201)

Initially: Othello Zomonway, MPCHS


Lecturer: Paul Zawolo Seamehn, MPCHS
Objectives
By the end of this presentation, students should be able to
learn:

• What Zoology is

• Have ideas on what living organisms are

• Know what diversity of life is

• Know the three domains of life

• Have ideas on cells


Introduction
• Our planet, Earth, is occupied by diverse kinds
of living organisms.

• They live in various environments.

• The world is estimated to have 5 to 30 million


species of living organisms.

• At present about 2.5 million species of living


organisms have been given scientific names.
Introduction Cont’d
• Over 1.5 million of them are animal species
and out of which 750,000 belong to insect
species alone.

• Thus the existence of different forms of a


species or genus and diverse adaptations for,
varied surroundings are referred to as
“biodiversity
Overview

• The word "zoology" comes from the Greek


word "zoion" meaning "animal“

• Logia meaning "study" or "science."

• Therefore, "zoology" literally means the "study


of animals" or the "science of animals."
Overview
• The word "animal“ comes from the Latin word
"animalis,“ meaning "having breath" or "living
being."

• This term is derived from "anima," which


means "breath" or "soul."

• In Latin, "animal" referred to any living


creature, especially those capable of movement
and sensation.
Zoology
• Encompasses all aspects of
scientific knowledge about
animals

Like:
- Embryonic development
- Evolution
- Behavior
- Ecological distribution
- classification
Zoology

• Have so many branches


1. Zoography
- Descriptive zoology or Zoogeographhy
- Study of animals and their habitats

2. Comparative Anatomy
- Anatomical similarities and differences
Zoology
3. Animal Physiology
- Bodily processes

Processes Like:
- Temperature regulation
- Blood pressure and flow
- Release of hormones

4. Ethology
- Animal behavior
Groupings by Animal

• Zoology is also broken down into


subcategories.

• Based on the type animal being studied.

• For example, a distinction is made between


invertebrate and vertebrate.
Groupings by Animal
• Zoologists used specific term
for each type of animal that is
studied
1. Mammalogy: Mammals
2. Ornithology: Birds
3. Herpetology: Amphibians
and reptiles
4. Ichthyology: Fishes
5. Entomology: Insects
Characteristics of Life
• Organisms are composed of cells

• Some of the simplest life-forms, Protozoa, are


unicellular organisms

• Some are Multicellular organisms


- life processes depend on coordinated functions
of component cell.
- That maybe organized to form tissues, organs
and organs system
Characteristics of Life

• There are two fundamental types of cells:


Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic cell: bacteria & Archaea

• Eukaryotic cell: Plants and Animals


Prokaryotic cell
Characteristics of Life
• Biological growth
- Increase in size of cell and number of cell
- Growth varies in organisms

• Development
- Changes that take place during an organism’s
life
Characteristics of Life

• Organisms regulate their metabolic processes

• The sum of all chemical activities of the


organism is called metabolism.

• Respond to stimuli
- physical or chemical
Characteristics of Life

• Organisms reproduce
-Asexual and sexual

• Adaptations
- Characteristics that enhance an organism’s
ability to survey.
Animal Characteristics
• Animals are heterotrophs

• Have specialized cells that perform specific


functions

• Have diverse body plan


- Basic structure and functional design.

• Most animals are capable of locomotion


- Sometimes during their life cycle
Animal Characteristics

• Most animals have nervous system

• Animals are form almost everywhere


References

1. BioExplorer.net. (2024, September 06). Branches


of Zoology. Bio Explorer.
https://www.bioexplorer.net/divisions_of_biology/z
oology/
.

2. Zoology, ninth edition by Stephen A. Miller and


John P. Harley

3. Integrated Principles of Zoology, Sixteenth edition


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