2.

Alternators

Application Engineering Training -

CPG
 Ratings -
Cores

• LV – MV – HV
products
• 50/60 HZ
• 7.5 kVA – 20 MVA
• Different core
lengths
2 Application Engineering Training –
 Temperature rise &
Insulation
What is the difference between Insulation
class and Temperature rise ratings?

Allowable ΔΤ rise based on ambient T =

40degC: 125C: H 105C: F 80C: B

 Insulation class = H in LV/MV & F in

MV/HV
 Limit to temperature rise in alternators
windings
 Not dependent on application / duty
3 Application Engineering Training –
 Core Winding
Types
 Wire/Random  Bar/Form
• Better harmonics • More rigid
• Better magnetic circuit • Better dielectric strength
efficiency • Easier to brace
• Better overall performance • More space for insulation
with similar material
• Better for MV & HV
content
applications
• Easier to cool
• Better for Prime Power &
• Better short circuit
Grid connection
performance (Embedded)
• Better motor starting

4 Application Engineering Training –

 Self excited generators – No PMG
PCC DC output
To the exciter X+
stator
PCC x Sensing
XX-

Exciter Main
Rotor & stator
Stator

Bearing

Main Rotor
Main rotor Shaft

Rectifier
Fan

5 Application Engineering Training –

 Alternator Operating
Chart

 POWER FACTOR

 PER  0.9  0.95  1.00  0.95  0.9 0.8  PER

0.8  UNIT
0.7 UNIT
 kW
0.7
 STATOR DAMAGE  kW
 1.0
 ENGINE  1.0
 0.6  0.9  OVERLOAD
 0.9
 0.6
 0.8  0.8

0.5
0.7 0.7 0.5

 0.6  POLE SLIP  SAFE OPERATI NG ROTO  0.6

 INSTABILITY D GE
 AREA A R
MA
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4
 SYNCHRONOUS REACTA NCE
 0.4  0.4
 0.3  Xd = 3.0, (300 %)  0.3
 0.3  0.3

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

 0.9

 0.8

 0.7

 0.6

 0.5

 0.4

 0.3

 0.2

 0.1

 0.1

 0.2

 0.3

 0.4

 0.5

 0.6

 0.7

 0.8

 0.9
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
 1.0

 1.0
0  IMPORT(LEAD) PER UNIT kVAR EXPORT 0
(LAG)
SAFE OPERATING AREA DEFINED BY
ALTERNATOR SYNCHRONOUS REACTANCE

6 Application Engineering Training –

 Typical Parameters Alternator Data
Sheet

7 Application Engineering Training –

 Typical Decrement Curve Alternator Data
Sheet

Short Circuit Current -> 𝐼𝑠𝑐 =

𝐼 𝑛 ×100 𝑋𝘍𝘍

8 Application Engineering Training –

 Thermal Damage Curve
Alternator

Protection
THERMAL DAMAGE CURVE

The curve is drawn for the following

conditions
Devices:
a) 1 per unit current is referred to class H rating at
minimum volts.
b) Windings are assumed to be either hot or cold in an
Circuit
ambient of 30C.
d) The curve is intended only as a guidance towards selection of
protective devices and values taken from it should not be
Breakers
taken as absolute or
Amp-Sentry
MAXIMUM DURATION OF FAULT (sec)

guaranteed.

Others

X’d
X’’d
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
FAULT CURRENT (per unit)

9 Application Engineering Training –

 Separately excited generators – PMG
Supply

X+ PCC x Sensing

XX-
Exciter Main
Rotor & stator
Stator

Bearing

Main Rotor
Main rotor Shaft

Rectifier
Fan

10 Application Engineering Training –

 Different Types of
Excitation
100
% Boost area, (motor
95 % starting),
due to combined shunt
AVR
and EBS excitation
90 % boost.

%
Outpu
t
Voltag
e

% Load 100 180 220 275 300 ~400

Current % % % % % %

SELF EXCITED AVR CONTROL: Basic motor starting with no short circuit maintenance
PMG : Good motor starting & short circuit maintenance, (not available with
BC machines) EBS: Excellent motor starting & short circuit maintenance

11 Application Engineering Training –

 EBS - PMG
 Better Transient
Performance
 Sustained Fault
 Excellent Motor Starter
 Three Phase RMS Sensing
 Non-linear Load Immunity
 Upgrade kit available from
UC Series

12 Application Engineering Training –

 Pitch
configurations

2/3 pitch 5/6 pitch

 Lower impedance leading to
 Suppress 5th, 7th harmonics
better
Pros motor starting capability
 Compatible for paralleling  Cheaper and more efficient -
with other 2/3rd pitch less material, lower losses
units
 More material to produce the  Triple order harmonics are
same not
kW - more expensive eliminated
Con  Not recommended for
s  Lower zero sequence
LV applications
reactances increase single
phase fault currents
13 Application Engineering Training –
 Features/
•Accessories
Reconnect ability leads (not available for full
range)
• Different levels of voltages outputs
• Thermistors & RTDs
• Anti-condensation Heaters
• Differential CTs
• Excitation Loss Module
• Diode Failure Detector
• EMC/RFI Suppression Modules
• Filters for IP44 compliance
• Double and Application
14 singleEngineering
bearingTraining –
 Alternato
rs

QUESTIONS ?

15 Application Engineering Training –

 Exercise
1
Please calculate the available short circuit
current of the C1675D5 (400V, 50Hz) when
1. The standard alternator is used.
2. Oversized alternator is used (PI734F)

16 Application Engineering Training –

 Exercise
2
 Genset C1100D5 (QST30G4, HCI6K, 50Hz,
400V) has been requested for a prime
application with an expected load of 560kW.
Based on below operating chart can you
advise the customer if they can operate this
genset at 0.93 leading power factor? What
happens if the alternator operates at 0.8
leading power factor?

17 Application Engineering Training –

 Operating chart of HCI6K &
400V

18 Application Engineering Training –