TOPIC 5

INTRODUCTION TO BIM

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 CONTENTS

PART 1 Describe BIM Concept & Terminologies

 Definition of BIM
 BIM Concepts
 BIM Terminologies
 BIM Related to Industrial Revolution 4.0

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1 BIM CONCEPT
&
TERMINOLOGIES

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 Institutional Cultural WHAT IS
Framework

Coordinated
BIM?
Work Practices

Collaboration
• BIM as an • BIM is about • BIM a
Information
Management Integrated people, multilayered
Process to process & system with
BIM produce, technical parts
Models
technology
communicate & and social parts
analyze building
3D CAD models

Social Parts Technical Parts

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 DEFINITION OF BIM
“BIM is digital representation
of the project (geometric and
non- geometric information)
The Building Information Modelling in in a relevant software
the Malaysian context is defined as: environment to allow for full
3D visualization of all building
“A modelling technology and elements”
associated set of processes to
produce, communicate, analyse Source: CIDB (2016) BIM Guide 1: Awareness
and use of digital information
models throughout construction
project life-cycle”

Source: CIDB (2016) BIM Guide 1: Awareness

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 “Building Information Modelling
Refer to the modelling tools used to develop
(BIM) is the holistic process of
the BIM Model
creating and managing information
for a built asset. Based on an
intelligent model and enabled by a
cloud platform, BIM integrates Refer to the intelligent 3D model that
structured, multi-disciplinary data consist of comprehensive construction
to produce a digital representation information
of an asset across its lifecycle, from
planning and design to
construction and operations.” Refer to the construction process starting
from design, construction and management
the building or infrastructure throughout
Source: Autodesk.com project lifecycle

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 Timeline of BIM History

1957 — Pronto, first commercial computer-aided machining 1994 — miniCAD

(CAM) software 1995 — International Foundation Class
1963 — Sketchpad, CAD with graphical user interface (IFC) file format
1975 — Building Description System (BDS) 1997 — ArchiCAD’s Teamwork
1977 — Graphical Language for Interactive Design (GLIDE) 1999 — Onuma
1982 – 2D CAD 2000 — Revit
1984 — Radar CH 2001 — Navisworks
1985 — Vectorworks 2002 — Autodesk buys Revit
1986 — Really Universal Computer-Aided Production System 2003 — Generative Components
(RUCAPS) 2004 — Revit 6 update
1987 — ArchiCAD 2006 — Digital Project
1988 — Pro/ENGINEER 2007 — Autodesk buys Navisworks
1992 — Building Information Model as official term 2008 — Parametricist Manifesto
1993 — Building Design Advisor 2012 — Formit

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 Bim Adoption In Malaysia

 The benefits of BIM adoption in Malaysia could be defined into

two (2) categories :

- National level
- Organizational/project level

 To support the aspiration of Malaysia construction industry as in

Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) 2016-
2020, the overarching goal of BIM adoption is to become a
catalyst to transform the industry to a higher level by enhancing
productivity and efficiency.

 At project and organizational level, BIM is expected to enhance the collaborative integrated design during the
planning and design, construction and facility management throughout the project lifecycle.

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 NOTABLE PROJECTS IN MALAYSIA USING BIM

NATIONAL CANCER MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION ADMINISTRATION BUILDING GOVERNMENT HEALTH

INSTITUTE, PUTRAJAYA COMMISSION BUILDING, SHAH KUALA TERENGGANU CITY CLINIC (KK5), MARAN
ALAM COUNCIL

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BIM CONCEPT

Basic concept for Architects - can use the 3D

building model to extract all the required
project drawings and building views such as;

 sections
 elevations
 presentation drawings
 renderings
 detailed construction drawings
 quantity calculations
 price estimations

Consequently, changes to the model are

instantly updated on all drawings

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 Automatic generation and
Single file concept updating of documentation
The complete building model
and all its representations are
included in the single file

Real architectural Most significant Architectural content

elements used for highlights of the (design libraries)
modeling BIM method

Building information data

Changes to the model affect
attached to the elements
all related drawings

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  The BIM model serves as a central database -
assembling all information into one location and
cross-linking that data among associated objects.

 All documents within the BIM model are

interdependent and share intelligence.

 A change anywhere in the BIM model is

propagated throughout all relevant views and
documents for the project.

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  The BIM application has an intelligent
understanding of the fact that objects created
by users represent real-world components of a
building such as windows, walls, doors and
roofs.

 BIM objects have characteristics like their

real-world counterparts such as windows can
only exist in a wall and walls always have a
thickness attribute.

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 Uses of BIM

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 CONSTRUCTION MODEL

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 Traditionally, every construction process
involves a complex network of construction
players. Within this complex network,
exchange of information processes are
fragmented and not coordinated in a
systematic manner. This leads to various
issues of inefficiency, inconsistency and
redundant documents. This could lead to
increased construction cost, delay and
disputes.

Source: CIDB (2016) BIM Guide 2: Readiness

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 Adoption of BIM can facilitate in
streamlining collaboration among clients,
consultants, contractors and all
stakeholders.
BIM enables the construction players
to move from disconnected
communication process to a
systematic communication,
collaboration and coordination
process.
Source: CIDB (2016) BIM Guide 2: Readiness

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 VS
Building Works

Convention BI
al M

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 VS
Mechanical,
Electrical & Plumbing

Convention BI
al M

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 BIM TERMINOLOGIES

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 1. SMART Digital Model

SMART DIGITAL MODEL OR INTELLIGENT DESIGN

 Related to the virtual 3D model.

 The parametric capabilities of all the geometries (or
objects) in the model.
 The data hosted in those objects.
 These are related to the object’s properties.
 Tell the user about their performance throughout the
building’s lifecycle.

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 2. Model Data

 All the information hosted in the BIM model.

 Data can be used for various purposes like scheduling,
costing, consumption of energy and much more.
 Managing building information data is an on-going
process.
 It starts at the conceptual stages and continues
throughout the construction process.
 Data are very valuable for the owner during the hand-
over of the project but also for the facilities managers
for the operational phase.

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 3. Clash Detection
 Conflict occurs between geometries within one or more models.
 In most cases between different disciplines such as structural, MEP or architectural. (For example, beams
or pipes passing through walls or Air-conditioning systems).
 Clash detection can be automated with software like Navisworks or Solidworks.
 Constructability issues can be resolved before construction begins.
 Prevent conflicts, delays, design changes, material costs, and budget overruns.

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4. BIM Maturity Level
Level 0 BIM is an unmanaged Computer
Aided Design (CAD) including 2D drawings,
and text with paper-based or electronic
exchange of information but without common
standards and processes.

Level 1 BIM is managed by CAD, with the

increasing introduction of spatial
coordination, standardized structures and
formats as it moves towards Level 2 BIM.

Level 2 BIM is managed 3D environment with

data attached, but created in separate
discipline-based models.

Level 3 BIM is a single collaborative, online,

project model with construction sequencing
(4D), cost (5D) and project lifecycle
information (6D). This is sometimes referred
to as ‘iBIM’ (integrated BIM).
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 5. BIM Dimensions

BIM Dimensions are the use of

data for specific BIM objectives :

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 6. Parametric Design

 Parametric modeling empowers users

to alter a BIM model, geometric form,
or object by adjusting predefined
parameters or constraints.

 This approach is facilitated by computer

software like Revit, which incorporates
built-in parametric modeling features,
eliminating the need for users to write
scripts or codes to execute commands.

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7. Computational Design

 Computational design is an emerging field that utilizes

computer language to create intricate geometric
shapes that would be otherwise unattainable.
 This innovative approach not only automates
monotonous tasks but also enables the exploration of
diverse design options.
 In architecture, two widely used computational design
tools are Dynamo for Revit and Grasshopper for
Rhino.
 These user-friendly platforms employ visual
programming, representing scripts graphically.

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 8. Level of Development (LOD)

 Defined as the content and reliability of  Using elements with predetermined

Building Information Models LOD allows determining the
throughout construction project life- expected BIM content on the object
cycle. level at different phases.

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9. Level of Detail (LOd)
A simple example can be illustrated in the
diagram below:
 The degree of
information detail
(geometrical and non-
geometrical) throughout
the project life cycle.

 Progression of each
LOd carries detailed
specifications
accordingly.

 The examples of
attributes of LOd are
size, volume, shape,
height, and orientation.

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 Therefore, LOd for a chair might go:

LOD 100 = there is a chair

LOD 200 = there is a chair that has
nominal space requirement
of 500 x 500
LOD 300 = there is a chair with arm
rests and wheels
LOD 400 = manufacturer and model
number.
LOD 500 = manufacturer and model
number, supplier, date
purchased

or in general terms:

LOD 100 = there is a thing

LOD 200 = there is a thing about this
size
LOD 300 = there is a thing with these
functions and options
LOD 400 = it is this particular thing.
F B 1 0 1 0 4 B A S I C O F E N G I N E E R I N G TLOD
E C H500
N O L=O this
G Y particular thing provided 36
10. Level of Information (LOI)
 The information level determines the non-graphical content of the model at stages of the project.
 As the project progresses, non-graphic details will increase.
 Example: For doors at the start of a project, the cuboid representing the door will contain limited non-
geographical data such as door classification.
 Then, as the project develops, performance data such as fire resistance, and subsequently manufacturer
data, datasheet, etc., will be provided.

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Level of Information (LOI) vs Level of Detail (LOd)

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11. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)

 Open data record format created by

buildingSMART.
 Facilitates the exchange and coordination of
information among various process participants.
 Its key benefit lies in its openness, allowing
seamless utilization with software from diverse
manufacturers, enabling interoperability.
 IFC files encompass essential object data,
including geometry, spatial location, individual
element details, and element attributes.

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12. BIM Collaboration Format (BFC)

 The BIM Collaboration Format (BCF) is

a contextualized record format that
facilitates communication and
collaboration among project
participants who use various BIM
applications.

 It allows them to work together on

shared IFC models even when they
are not directly connected to the 3D
model itself.

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 13. BIM Execution Plan

 Fundamental investment document, prepared by

suppliers (typically before signing a contract as Pre-
contract BEP) to meet the requirements of the
Employer's Information Requirements (EIR).

 Includes roles and responsibilities, rights, standards,

methods, procedures, milestones, schedules,
information flow strategies, conventions for the
nomenclature of drawings, components, models, and
attributes, as well as IT solutions and the master plan
for providing project information adapted to the specific
investment program.

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 BIM RELATED TO IR 4.0

 The term “Fourth Industrial Revolution”

(IR4.0) was first proposed in 2011 during the
Hannover Fair in the context of the goal of
developing the German economy and later
the terms as been spread to other parts of
Europe.

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 Source: Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan 2021-2025

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 Construction 4.0 is defined as the process to
implement modern technology in order to encourage the
digitisation of the construction industry and its supply chain.

 Whilst it also gives a definition of the transformation of the

construction industry towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution,
from automated production to a greater level of
digitalisation.

 The future of the construction industry will be highly

Source: Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan 2021-2025
dependent on the adaptation of new technologies and
innovations to current processes.

 Adoption of new technologies with new innovative methods will see a shift in how buildings and infrastructure
projects being delivered.

 Projects will not solely focus on better-performing buildings and infrastructure, but also the prospect of improving
the quality of life for society.

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 REFERENCES

Autodesk (2021),accessed 10 September 2021, <https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/bim> CIDB

CIDB (2016) BIM Guide 1: Awareness
CIDB (2016) BIM Guide 2: Readiness
Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM) Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan 2021-2025
Fundamental Modelling of Architecture Version 2 (2019). Training Module TBMA. CIDB
Yori R.et al., (2020). Mastering Autodesk® Revit® 2020. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

THANK YOU
PREPARED BY: NMN,PUO
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