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What Is Genetic Diversity

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31 views16 pages

What Is Genetic Diversity

Uploaded by

trendingallthings1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sadia Liaqat

2019-ag-6608

Dr. Farooq Ahmad


M.Phill Botany 2nd Semester
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Genetic Diversity Of Plants
And Its Significance
Contents

• Introduction
• Components of Genetic Diversity
• Source of Genetic Diversity
• Significance of Genetic Diversity
• Conservation of Genetic Diversity
• Challenges to Genetic Diversity
• Conclusion
What is Genetic Diversity?

Genetic diversity is the amount of genetic


variability present among individuals of a variety
or a population within a species.
Genetic diversity in plants

• Genetic diversity in plant species depends on


the heritable variation present within and
between populations.
• The genetic diversity among plant populations
in a given species allows the plants to adapt to
various environmental conditions.
• Such diversity could therefore yield valuable
traits that could overcome the food-security
challenges
Components of genetic diversity

• Gene diversity is the variation in


Gene
Dive genes and genotypes within a specie
rsity

• The number of different species


Speci
e
present in a place and relative
Dive
abundance of each of those species
rsity

Ecos • Ecosystem diversity deals with the


yste variation in ecosystems within a
m
geographical location
Dive
rsity
Source of genetic diversity in plants

1) Mutation

Random change in DNA


sequence is called Mutation.
2) Gene Flow

• Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material


from one population to another.

3) Selective Breeding
Selective breeding involves choosing parents
with particular characteristics to breed
together and produce offspring with more
desirable characteristics.
Significance of genetic diversity

1) Crop Improvement

• Enhance crop yield


• Improve nutritional quality.
• Resistant to biotic & abiotic
Stress.
2) Food Security

• Reduce Dependency on single crop variety


• Mitigate risk of crop failure
3) Ecological Balance

• Maintains ecosystem
functions and services
• Supports a variety of
other life forms.

4) Adaptation & Survival


• Allows species to adapt to changing environment
• Increases resistance to diseases and pests
Conservation of Genetic Diversity

1) In-situ Conservation
In situ conservation involves the
maintenance of genetic variation
at the location where it is
encountered, either in the wild
or in traditional farming systems .
• Protecting natural habitats
• Establishing protected areas
and reserves
2) Ex-situ Conservation
• Ex-situ conservation means the
conservation of species outside
their natural habitats.
• It involves the transfer of
genetic material away from the
location where it is found.
Challenges to Genetic Diversity

Habitat Loss:
• Deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture.

Climate Change:
Altered growing conditions and distribution ranges

Overexploitation:
Unsustainable harvesting of plant species

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