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Lect 0 - Intro To IS 13092024 083734pm

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10 views

Lect 0 - Intro To IS 13092024 083734pm

Uploaded by

Muhammad Umair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

CHAPTER

Introduction
0 to
Information
Systems
Mass Customization…
Revisited
• Building Impenetrable Customer
Loyalty
• "A company that aspires to give customers exactly
what they want must look at the world through new
lenses. It must use technology to become two
things: a mass customizer that efficiently provides
individually customized goods and services, and a
one-to-one marketer that elicits information from its
customer about his or her specific needs and
preferences."
B. Joseph Pine, II, Strategic Horizons
What is Data?
• Raw Material
• Numbers and strings of letters with no
precise context or meaning
What is Information?

• Data processed with knowledge


• “Data endowed with relevance and
purpose”
• “Data becomes information when its
creator adds meaning”
• “An organized, meaningful, and useful
interpretation of data”
What is Knowledge?

• “A body of guidelines and rules used to


select, organize, and manipulate data to
make it suitable for a given task”
• “An awareness and understanding of a set
of information and how that information
can be put to its best use”
• “Internalized information + the ability to
utilize this information”
Data transformed into Information

A collection of facts organized


in such a way that they have
additional value beyond the
Information value of facts themselves.

Guidelines and procedures used to


Knowledge select, organize, and manipulate data
Process
to make it suitable for a specific task.

Data Raw facts


Data becomes Information
 Establishing
relationships
between data
creates
information.

Information = Data + Relationships


Characteristics of Valuable
Information
• Relevant
• Complete
• Accurate
• Current/Timely
• Economical
• Accessible
Does Perfect Information Lead to
Perfect Decisions?
• IBM
• Among the first to learn that PCs were revolutionizing the
computer industry.
• Wal-Mart
• “We got big by replacing inventory with information”
Wal-Mart CIO
Determining the Value of
Information
• Measurements
• Time saved, lower costs
• More accurate forecasts
• Improved service
• Often difficult to quantify
• Payback period?
What is a System?
• Components that work together to achieve a goal by
accepting input, processing it, and producing output in
an organized manner.
• e.g. a sound system
Components of a System

INPUTS
INPUTS PROCESSING
PROCESSING OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
Gathering
Gathering and
and Converting
Converting oror Producing
Producing useful
useful
capturing
capturing raw
raw data
data transforming
transforming data
data information,
information, usually
usually in
in
into
into useful
useful outputs
outputs the
the form
form of
of documents.
documents.

Output that is used to


make changes to input
or processing activities
Feedback
Components of a System
Open vs. Closed Systems
• Closed System
• Stands alone
• No connection to other systems
• Open System
• Interfaces and interacts with other systems
• Gets information from and provides information to other
systems
System Performance
• Efficiency
• A measure of what is produced divided by
what is consumed.
• Effectiveness
• A measure of what is achieved divided by the
stated goal.
System Performance
Standards

Sales

Defects
System Variables and Parameters
• System Variable
• A quantity or item that can be controlled by
the decision maker (controllable).
• e.g. selling price

• System Parameter
• A value or quantity that cannot be controlled
by the decision maker.
• e.g. raw material costs
So, What is an Information System?
System: Components that work together to
Information: An organized,
achieve a goal by accepting input,
meaningful, and useful processing it, and producing output in an
interpretation of data organized manner

• Information System: Components that


work together to process data and
produce information (to help companies
solve problems and make decisions).
The Components of a CBIS

1) Hardware
2) Software
• Operating systems
• Applications
3) Databases
4) Telecommunications/Networks
5) People
6) Procedures

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