THE VARIOUS MODELS

OF COMMUNICATION
Learning Outcomes
01 02 03
Identify the three Differentiate the Appreciate the
models of models of importance of
communication in communication by communication.
context; its use through
various activities;
 ? ? ?
What are your three
rules when talking to
someone?
 A. Aristotle’s Model of
Communication
A teacher of Rhetoric and a founder of an academy that produced good
speakers, came up with the first and earliest model of communication. This
model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication.
Speakers play a very important role in public speaking. To influence or persuade
his audience, he must first prepare his speech and analyze the audience before
he speaks too them.
SPEAKER

MESSAGE

AUDIENCE
 B. Transactional Model
In the transactional model, there is an exchange of
messages between the sender and the receiver where
both take turns in sending and receiving messages. The
roles of both communicators reverse time in the
communication process. This is also called circular model
of communication and is used for interpersonal
communication. Everyday talk and interaction are
examples of transactional model of communication. The
participants in this communication process who have
common social and cultural systems and relational
situations can communicate with one another more
effectively. The models shows that there is a continuous
exchanging of messages, but barriers may take place and
affect communication
C. Shannon - Weaver’s Model of
Communication

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver

introduced the concept of noise. This model
of communication is also known as the
Telephone Model for this is based on the
experience of using the telephone back in
the 1940's wherein the message was
hindered by noise. Therefore, the message
received by the listener was not necessarily
the message sent by the sender.
The Shannon - Weaver model of communication contains six (6) important
features

SENDER DECODER

ENCODER RECEIVER

CHANNEL NOISE
1.SENDER

The originator of
message or the
information source
selects desire
message.
 2.
ENCODER
The transmitter
which converts
the message
into signal.
3. CHANNEL

The channel of communication is

the infrastructure that gets
information from the sender and
transmitter through to the decoder
and receiver. We sometimes also
call this the ‘medium’.
4. DECODER

The reception place of

the signal which
converts signals into
message, a reverse
process of encode.
5. RECEIVER

The destination
of the message
from sender.
6. NOISE
The messages are transferred from
encoder to decoder through channel.
During this process the messages may be
distracted or affected by physical noise
like horn sounds, thunder, and crowd
noise or encoded signals may distract in
the channel during the transmission
process which affect the communication
flow or the receiver may not receive the
correct message.
 D. Schramm Model of
Communication
Wilbur Schramm is known as the Father of Mass
Communication. He came up with five models but in the
Schramm Model of Communication he developed in 1955,
communication breakdown is explained. He asserts that
both the sender and the receiver should have the same field
of experience.

In this concept, field of experience refers to everything that

makes an individual unique – everything that he/she has
ever learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and studied. In
this model, communication has six elements;

• Source
• Encoder
• Message
• Channel
• Decoder
D. Schramm Model of
Communication
• He gives emphasis on encoding and decoding of
message. This model shows how a message is
transferred from the sender to the receiver. The
model also asserts that message can be
complicated by different meaning learned by
different people. Schramm claims that
communication can take place if and only if there
is an overlap between the field of experience of
the participants of the communication process. It
means that the sender and the receiver have
commonalities. For example, a Japanese is invited
to give a talk to Filipino students. These students
can only understand English and Filipino. If the
speaker will speak in Japanese, the audience will
 E. Eugene White Model of
Communication
Eugene White’s Model of communication says
that communication is circular and continuous,
without a beginning or end. His 1960 cyclical
model, the communication process is
composed of eight stages- thinking,
symbolizing, expressing, transmitting,
receiving, decoding, feed-backing, monitoring,
and thinking. He also points out that although
one can assume that communication begins
with thinking, it can be observed from any
point in the circle. White was also the one who
introduced the concept of feedback which is a
 F. Berlo’s Model of Communication

You have already learned that Aristotle’s model of communication places the speaker in
the central position and the one who drives the entire communication process. The
Berlo’s model of communication takes into account the emotional aspect of the message.
Berlo’s model follows the SMCR model;
S – Source
M – Message
C – Channel
R – Receiver
 F. Berlo’s Model of Communication

Berlo’s model of communication is composed of a several factors under each

element. The SOURCE is where the message originates. The person should have
communication skills like the ability to read, write, speak, and listen to the right
attitude towards the listeners, subject, and oneself. The individual must be
knowledgeable about the topic he is communicating and the audience’s
familiarity with it. In communicating, the social system must be considered such
as the culture of the audience. The sender of the message from where the
message originates is referred to as the encoder.
F. Berlo’s Model of Communication

Content is the body of the MESSAGE, from beginning to the end

like whatever the teacher teaches his students from the
beginning up to the end. The speech must be accompanied by
elements such as gestures, facial expression or body language
so that listeners will not lose interest. Treatment is the way one
treats his message. One must understand the importance of the
message know how to handle it. Berlo’s model asserts that a
message must be properly structured in order to be conveyed
clearly. The code in this model refers to the means through
which a message is sent and in what form. It could be the
language, gestures, expressions, music, and so on. The code
should be correct in the communication. Only when the code is
clear, the message will be clear.
F. Berlo’s Model of Communication

The C in the SMCR stands for CHANNEL. Channel

refers to the five sense organs: hearing, seeing,
touching, smelling, and tasting. These five senses
help human beings to communicate with one another.

When the RECEIVER message reaches the receiver,

he tries to understand what the sender is trying to
convey. This is also called decoding.
G. Helical Model of
Communication
The Helical Model of communication was
developed by Frank Dance in 1967. He thought
of communication similar to helix. Helix is a
smooth curve like a spring that goes upwards
and downwards. This model presents the
concept of time where continuousness of
communication process is very important. In
helical model, communication is a dynamic
process. Communication progresses as an
individual gets older and his experience and
vocabulary increases.
Thank you for
listening!