GENERAL

CHEMISTRY 1
Senior High School
 “
◆ Chemistry is
___________
 “
◆ Matter is
everywhere.
“
 “
◆ Write a concept map using the terms inside the
box.
 formed from the
MOLECULES interaction of
atoms

the smallest COMPOSITION

particles that ATOMS
make up matter OF MATTER
particles that
IONS have charges
 STATES OF MATTER

Particles are closely packed,

has definite volume and shape. SOLID A mixture of positive ions
and free electrons that
needs high temperature to
charge it up thus allowing
Particles are slightly LIQUID PLASMA us to see it.
loose, acquires the
shape of its container.
MATTER

Composed of particles that

are cooled to a temperature
Particles are very far BOSE very close to absolute zero.
apart, has no definite GAS EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE
volume and shape
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER

PHYSICAL PROPERTY

CHEMICAL PROPERTY

EXTENSIVE PROPERTY

INTENSIVE PROPERTY
 PHYSICAL PROPERTY
◆ Characteristics of matter that can be
observed and measured without
changing its composition.
◆ Examples: mass, volume, density
 CHEMICAL PROPERTY
◆ Characteristics that you can observe
when there is change in the
composition of matter.
◆ Examples: reactivity, combustibility
 EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
◆ Characteristics that are dependent on
the amount of matter present.
◆ Examples: mass, volume, length
 INTENSIVE PROPERTY
◆ Characteristics that are independent on
the amount of matter present.
◆ Examples: boiling point, melting point
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE

ELEMENT HOMOGENEOUS

COMPOUND HETEROGENEOUS
 PURE SUBSTANCE
◆ It is a classification of matter that has
definite composition and distinct
properties.
 ELEMENT
◆ It is a substance that is made up of one
kind of atom.
◆ it cannot be broken down into simpler
substance by chemical means.

H O C N B
 COMPOUND
◆ It is made up of only one
kind of molecule but
composed of two or
more atoms of elements
that are combined
chemically in fixed 3D molecules created from molview.org

proportions.
 MIXTURE
◆ It is a classification of matter that are
physical combinations of two or more
pure substances.
 HOMOGENEOUS
◆ It is a mixture in which
components are well
blended that you may
see it as just one
substance. Source: commons.wikimedia.org
 HETEROGENEOUS
◆ It is a mixture that is not uniform in
appearance.
 “
CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
 CONSUMER PRODUCTS

◆ Consumer products, or
final goods, are products that
are bought individually or by
households for personal use.

◆ Product labels provide

information about the
product that will help assist © DIONEDA, MAJM 2020

consumers in their
purchasing decisions.
 A scanned Nutrition Facts of a
biscuit product

◆ SERVING INFORMATION

◆ CALORIES

◆ NUTRIENTS

◆ % DAILY VALUE
 COMMON CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
Compound Name Common Name Formula Uses

used in some printing

vinegar (5% CH3COOH processes, production
ACETIC ACID of plastics, inks and
solution) dye; making perfume;
food additive

boric acid H3BO3 used for treatment of

yeast and cold sores,
can be used for
BORIC ACID roach killer weatherproofing
wood; as preservative,
(solid) and insecticide
 COMMON CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
Compound Name Common Name Formula Uses

used in fertilizer, as
ammonia ingredient in
AMMONIA NH3 household cleaning
products, a
refrigerant

chalk; used in construction

CALCIUM CaCO3 (as building material
limestone or ingredient in
CARBONATE cement); as antacid,
 COMMON CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS
Compound Name Common Name Formula Uses

DICHLORO- Freon-12 freezing agent for

DIFLUORO- Cl2CF2 foods, refrigerant,
aerosol propellant
METHANE
used to
SULFURIC battery acid H2SO4 manufacture
fertilizers, pigments,
ACID dye, explosives,
and detergents
 “
SEATWORK
SEATWORK
SEATWORK
ASSIGNMENT:

◆ Activity 1: Consumer Products

◆ Cutout at least 5 food labels, glue or paste it on an A4
bond paper. Examine the Nutritional Facts seen on
the food labels; compare these consumer products on
basis of their components for use, safety, quality and
cost.
FOOD USE SAFETY QUALITY COST
LABEL
BISCUIT 1
BISCUIT 2
 GENERAL
CHEMISTRY 1
Senior High School
 “
METHODS OF SEPARATING
MIXTURES
METHODS OF SEPARATING
MIXTURES

HAND SORTING

SIEVING

FILTRATION

DECANTATION
 HAND SORTING

◆ separating mixtures of solids of varying

shapes and sizes

SOURCE: https://www.flickr.com/photos/29278394@N00/59538978
 SIEVING

◆ used when we
have large
quantities of
materials to sort
and involves
different particle
sizes.
SOURCE: Wikimedia commons

◆ Tool: SIEVE
 FILTRATION
◆ used if the particles in a
mixture are too small for
a sieve to catch and
involves two different
states
◆ Tool: FILTER
© DIONEDA, MAJM 2020

◆ FILTRATE Simple Filtration Setup

◆ RESIDUE
 DECANTATION

◆ Process: the mixture of solids and

liquids are allowed to stand to let
the solids settle at the bottom of
the container. In this case, when
sand is deposited, water is then
carefully poured out leaving the SOURCE: Wikimedia commons

denser solid behind

◆ SEPARATORY FUNNEL (alternative)
◆ Separatory funnel

SOURCE: Wikimedia commons

METHODS OF SEPARATING
MIXTURES

MAGNETIC SEPARATION

EVAPORATION

DISTILLATION

CHROMATOGRAPHY
 MAGNETIC SEPARATION

◆ used to separate metals from nonmetals

Mixture of iron ad sulfur. SOURCE: Wikimedia commons

SOURCE: Wikimedia commons
 EVAPORATION

◆ Involves heating the

mixture to allow the
liquid to vaporize leaving
the solid material behind
© DIONEDA, MAJM 2020

Simple Evaporation Setup

 DISTILLATION

◆ It takes advantage of
the different boiling
points or volatility of
the involved liquids.
© DIONEDA, MAJM 2020

◆ DISTILLATE Simple Distillation Setup

 CHROMATOGRAPHY
◆ This method is used to
separate dissolved
substances from one
another.
◆ This technique takes
advantage of the attraction © DIONEDA, MAJM 2020

Thin Layer Chromatography

(affinity) of each component
to the medium used.
◆ STATIONARY PHASE
METHODS OF SEPARATING
MIXTURES

CENTRIFUGATION

CRYSTALLIZATION

SUBLIMATION
 CENTRIFUGATION

◆ It is a technique used to separate

particles from a mixture based on the
components’ size and density by
applying centrifugal force.

A centrifuge.
SOURCE: https://www.wallpaperflare.com/search?wallpaper=centrifuge
Inside the centrifuge.
SOURCE: https://www.flickr.com/photos/codonaug/6125614431
 CRYSTALLIZATION

◆ The process starts by dissolving the

solute in a solvent which it is partially
soluble.

SOURCE: google.com
 SUBLIMATION

◆ The process that

separates a
mixture of solids
wherein one
sublimes.

SOURCE:
https://www.excellup.com/classnine/sciencenine/matternineExemplarLongA.aspx
 “
◆ Matter is characterized through the different
properties it possess.
◆ These properties will help us identify one
matter to another, and help us decide which
technique to use to separate one from the
another.
Performance
Task
 MIXTURES

◆ Name of the mixture.

◆ Classification of the mixture.
◆ What are the components of the mixture?
◆ What separating technique/s would you use to separate
the components of the mixture?

1 minute ONLY
 REFERENCES
◆ Chang, R. and K. Goldsby. Chemistry. (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, 2016. PDF.
https://www.academia.edu/40191186/Chemistry_12th_Edition_by_Chang_and_Goldsby
◆ Licuanan, P.B. General Chemistry 1 - Teaching Guide for Senior High School. Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education, 2016
◆ Ebbing, D. D. and S.D. Gammon. General Chemistry. (9th ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009.
https://www.academia.edu/40212587/General_Chemistry_9th-Ebbing.Gammon?email_work_card=view-paper
◆ Exploring Our Fluid Earth. Teaching Science as Inquiry (TSI) “Further Investigation: Properties of Matter” Accessed June 9, 2020.
https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/chemical/matter/properties-matter/further-investigations-properties-matter
◆ Flowers, P., K. Theopold, R. Langley & W.R. Robinson. Chemistry. Rice University: OpenStax, 2018. https://openstax.org/details/books/chemistry
◆ Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. 2019. "What Is Decantation and How Does It Work?" ThoughtCo. Accessed June 10, 2020
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-decantation-604990
◆ Lumen Chemistry for Non-Majors. “Methods for Separating Mixtures.” Accessed June 10, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/methods-for-separating-mixtures/
◆ Mustoe, F., C. Clancy, T. Doram, B. Heimbecker, M. Mazza and P. McNutly. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Chemistry 11. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2011.
◆ Osorio, Estrella A. and Aurora A. Franco. Interactive Chemistry: Laboratory Manual. Philippines: ICS Publishing, Inc., 2009
◆ Siyavula. “Methods of Physical Separation” Accessed June 10, 2020. https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-7/separating-mixtures/07-separating-
mixtures?id=toc-id-4
◆ Study.com. April 15, 2016. "What is Centrifugation? - Definition, Process & Uses." Accessed June 11, 2020 https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-
centrifugation-definition-process-uses.html.
◆ US Food & Drug Administration n.d. “Interactive Nutrition Facts Label.” Accessed June 17, 2020
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/InteractiveNutritionFactsLabel/factsheets.cfm
◆ US Food & Drug Administration n.d. “How to Understand and Use the Nutrition Facts Label.” Accessed June 17, 2020 https://www.fda.gov/food/new-nutrition-
facts-label/how-understand-and-use-nutrition-facts-label
◆ Wacowich-Sgarbi, Shirley. “Laboratory Techniques for Separation of Mixtures” BCcampus OpenEd. Accessed June 10, 2020.
 REFERENCES
IMAGES/CLIPS:
◆ COFFEE IN A CUP. commons.wikimedia.org
◆ SIEVING. Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:GR000083.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:GR000083.jpg&oldid=417560066 (accessed August 24, 2020).
◆ DECANTATION. Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Dekantacja schemat.svg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dekantacja_schemat.svg&oldid=267349487 (accessed August 24, 2020).
◆ SEPARATORY FUNNEL. Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Separatory funnel with oil and colored water.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Separatory_funnel_with_oil_and_colored_water.jpg&oldid=280652233 (accessed August 24, 2020).
◆ MAGNETIC SEPARATION. Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Magnetic Separation.png," Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Magnetic_Separation.png&oldid=343331241 (accessed August 24, 2020).
◆ IRON AND SULFUR MIXTURE SEPARATED BY A MAGNET. Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Fe-S mixture 04.jpg," Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Fe-S_mixture_04.jpg&oldid=344731036 (accessed August 24, 2020).
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◆ END OF PRESENTATION