Bell Work

November 28, 2022

What would be the best description of American spending habits

during the 1920s?

a. They continued to save money like they had during World War I
b. They spent heavily on consumer products
c. They purchased war bonds
d. They began putting money into retirement accounts
 7.1 The Nation’s Sick Economy
A. Economic Troubles A1. Economic Problems:
- Industries declined
- Prices rose/consumers bought less
- Laissez-faire policies benefited few
- Crop prices fell/farmers overproduced
- Buying on Credit: buy now + pay later
A2. Election of 1928: Herbert Hoover
wins; believed in laissez-faire (hands-off)
govt.; 3rd straight Republican; no change
A3. Bull Market (rising stock prices) led to:
- Speculation: buying risky stocks to
make huge profits; often failed
- Buying on Margin: paying tiny amount
of $ for stocks + borrowing the rest
B. Financial Collapse B1. Black Tuesday: October 29, 1929;
stock market crashed; $30 billion lost;
started the Great Depression
B2. Great Depression: 10 yrs.; economic
collapse; 25% unemployment
B3. Banks lost $ in stock market crash;
people panicked + withdrew their $;
11,000 banks closed
B4. Smoot-Hawley Tariff: highest tariff in
US history; huge failure; trade fell 40%
B5. Causes of Great Depression
- Speculation/buying on margin
- Buying on credit
- Farmers/businesses struggling
- Unequal distribution of wealth
- Tariffs
 Bell Work
November 29, 2022

Paying only a small portion of the cost of a stock and then borrowing the rest
of the money was known as:

a. Speculation
b. Buying on Margin
c. Laissez-Faire Politics
d. Direct Relief
 7.2 Struggles Begin and Hoover Fails
A. People Struggle A1. Shantytowns: little towns consisting of
shacks; “Hoovervilles”
A2. Soup Kitchens: offered free or low-
cost food
A3. Bread Lines: lines of people waiting to
receive food
A4. Dust Bowl: western states where
ruined soil led to massive dust storms;
many farmers moved to California
A5. Great Depressions Stats:
- 300,000 hoboes
- 2,600 schools shut down (300,000 kids)
- Teens left their families
- Suicide rate rose 30%
B. President Hoover B1. Herbert Hoover: Republican
president when Great
Depression started; did not
believe in direct relief; overly
cautious
B2. Direct Relief: govt. support
for the poor
B3. People blamed Hoover;
Democrats won seats in
Congress in 1930
B4. Hoover supported some
govt. support for businesses,
but it wasn’t enough
 Bell Work
November 30, 2022

Look at the following diagram, which shows some of the events that led to the
Great Depression, and answer the question below.
Advertising Great
Consumer
?
encourages Depression
production
people to begins with
soars after
buy more the Stock
World War I
goods Market Crash

Which statement best completes this diagram?

a. Buying on credit becomes popular

b. Factory jobs increase urban migration
c. Lower tariffs discourage foreign investors
d. Scientific management decreases factory output
C. The Bonus Army C1. Bonus Expeditionary Force
(Bonus Army): World War I
veterans; went to Washington
to demand their pay that
Congress promised them
C2. Congress refused to pay;
Hoover demanded they leave
C3. 2,000 veterans + families
remained; built shantytown
C4. Hoover sent troops to force
Bonus Army out; tear gas used
+ a baby died; ruined Hoover’s
already bad reputation
 Bell Work
December 1, 2022

The Bonus Army was a group of World War I veterans who were
violently disbanded after they came to Washington, D.C. to

a. Seek payment of the money promised to them by Congress

b. Demand higher pay for all workers who were veterans
c. Start a soup kitchen for jobless veterans during the depression
d. March in support of President Hoover’s reelection
 7.3 The New Deal
A. President Franklin D. Roosevelt A1. Election of 1932: Franklin D.
Roosevelt beats Hoover by 7 million
votes; Democrats control Congress
A2. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR):
Democrat; popular reformer; fought
unemployment + poverty as governor
of New York
A3. New Deal: FDR’s program to solve
Great Depression problems;
increased govt. responsibility
A4. Fireside Chats: FDR’s radio talks to
the public; explained New Deal
programs in clear, simple language
 Bell Work
December 2, 2022

Review the diagram below which describes developments at the beginning of

the Great Depression, then answer the question.
Laissez-faire Calls for
approach to
economic
greater
government ? Start of the
New Deal
recovery intervention

Which event completes this diagram?

a. Start of World War II

b. Election of President Franklin Roosevelt
c. Creation of the National Recovery Administration
d. Establishment of the Works Progress Administration
B. Banking and Finance Reform B1. Bank Holiday: day where all
banks closed; ordered by FDR to
stop mass withdrawals of $;
good banks could reopen;
restored confidence in banks
B2. Glass-Steagall Act:
established the FDIC
B3. Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC): insured
bank accounts up to $5000;
reassured bank customers
B4. FDR regulated the stock
market
 Bell Work
December 5, 2022

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC):

a. Was established to regulate the stock market

b. Was created despite strong objections from President Roosevelt
c. Insured bank deposits up to $5,000
d. Ensured that Social Security payments would be made on time
C. Helping Americans C1. Agricultural Adjustment Act
(AAA): paid farmers not to farm
some land; lowered supply + raised
crop prices
C2. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):
built dams in Tennessee River
Valley; provided jobs for people +
created hydroelectric power
C3. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC):
put young men to work; 3 million
employed
C4. National Industrial Recovery Act
(NIRA): helped fix business
problems, built schools, + increased
cooperation
 Bell Work
December 6, 2022

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):

a. Set minimum prices for certain products

b. Created a 40-hour work week and established a minimum wage
c. Built dams to provide jobs and create hydroelectric power
d. Paid farmers not to farm some of their land
D. Opposition to New Deal D1. Supreme Court ruled the
NIRA + the AAA were
unconstitutional
D2. FDR tried to “pack” the
Supreme Court by adding 6
new justices; failed
D3. Huey Long: senator; felt
New Deal didn’t go far
enough to help poor;
proposed popular “Share Our
Wealth” program; was
assassinated
 Bell Work
December 7, 2022

Who was the senator from Louisiana who felt that the New Deal didn’t go far
enough to help the poor and proposed a popular program known as “Share
Our Wealth”?

a. Herbert Hoover
b. Frances Perkins
c. Mary McLeod Bethune
d. Huey Long
 7.4 The Second New Deal
A. Second New Deal A1. Election of 1936: FDR
reelected by 11 million votes;
won 46/48 states; 1st time most
African Americans voted
Democrat
A2. Eleanor Roosevelt: FDR’s
wife; fought for civil rights for
women + workers
A3. Second New Deal: programs
from FDR’s 2nd term; focused on
workers
 Bell Work
December 8, 2022

What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in President Roosevelt’s administration?

a. She created the multiple New Deal programs involving business and labor
b. She fought for civil rights for women and workers
c. She helped fight for Congress to pass the Fair Labor Standards Act
d. She fought for programs that cleaned up shantytowns in major cities
B. Support for Workers B1. Works Progress Administration
(WPA): created jobs in construction,
writing, + arts
B2. National Youth Administration (NYA):
provided jobs, education, + counseling
for young people
B3. National Labor Relations Act
(Wagner Act): defined unfair labor
practices; created NLRB to settle
worker/management disputes
B4. Fair Labor Standards Act: maximum
40 hr. work week; created minimum
wage; greatly limited child labor
B5. Sit-Down Strike: workers sit down @
work to protest conditions; NLRB ruled
they were illegal
C. Social Security C1. Social Security Act:
helped elderly people +
others
- Retirement insurance
for people over 65
- Unemployment
protection
- Aid to families
w/dependent children +
people w/disabilities
 Bell Work
December 9, 2022

Look at the following poster and answer the question below.

What was a purpose of Works Progress Administration programs such as the one shown in this poster?

a. To provide jobs for unemployed artists

b. To provide markets for dealers of fine arts
c. To improve the quality of foreign trained artists
d. To encourage college students to study the arts
 7.5 New Opportunities
A. Women + African Americans A1. Frances Perkins: Secretary of
Labor; 1st female cabinet
member
A2. More women worked
A3. Mary McLeod Bethune:
African American; appointed by
FDR as an advisor; helped
organize his “Black Cabinet”
A4. FDR didn’t do much for civil
rights; African Americans saw
New Deal as their best hope
B. Other Minority Groups B1. Mexican Americans faced
discrimination + high
unemployment
B2. Over 400,000 Mexicans were
deported by Hoover; many were
US citizens
B3. Native Americans given full
citizenship
B4. Indian Reorganization Act:
ended “Americanization”; lands
belonged to tribes; tribes could
govern their reservations; Native
American children could attend
public schools
 Bell Work
December 12, 2022

How did the Indian Reorganization Act affect Native Americans?

a. It moved Native Americans to smaller reservations

b. Tribal lands were now controlled by individual families
c. Native Americans lost their citizenship rights
d. It ended the practice of “Americanization”
 7.6 Culture of the 1930s
A. Movies and Radio A1. Movies became popular
(Wizard of Oz, Gone with the
Wind, Snow White)
A2. Orson Welles: actor +
director; made radio drama,
The War of the Worlds
A3. Hindenburg Disaster:
German airship caught fire +
crashed; broadcast
worldwide on radio
 7.7 Impact of the New Deal
A. End of the New Deal A1. Huge govt. debts + possible war in
Europe forced FDR to end the New Deal
A2. Impacts:
- Cut unemployment by 6 million
- Gross National Product (total value of
all goods produced by the US) grew by
$30 billion
- Investment + number of products
purchased increased
A3. New Deal didn’t end Great Depression
(WWII did); gave people confidence,
helped the suffering, increased govt.
responsibility, + laid foundation for post-
WWII economic boom
 Bell Work
December 13, 2022

What was a guiding principle of the New Deal economic policies?

a. Pro-business tax breaks would solve the problems associated with urban
poverty
b. Antitrust legislation would destroy the free market economy of the United
States
c. Rugged individualism must be allowed to solve social inequality
d. Government must assume more responsibility for helping the poor
 Bell Work
December 14, 2022

Read the list of accomplishments of Mary McLeod Bethune and answer the question
below.

• Opened Bethune­-Cookman College for African ­American students

• Founded the National Council of Negro Women
• ____________?_____________

Which phrase best completes this list?

a. Served as an advisor to President Roosevelt on minority affairs

b. Elected as the first African ­American woman to the U.S. Senate
c. Responsible for the Montgomery bus boycott to desegregate public transportation
d. Proposed anti­lynching legislation to end the violence against African Americans
 Bell Work
December 15, 2022

Which of the following is NOT something related to American culture in

the 1930s?

a. Orson Welles’ radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds

b. Movies like The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind
c. The radio broadcast of the Hindenburg disaster
d. Mark Twain’s book, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is published
 Bell Work
December 16, 2022

Which of the following New Deal programs did NOT have to do with
providing jobs or helping workers?

a. Fair Labor Standards Act

b. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)
c. Works Progress Administration (WPA)
d. Glass-Steagall Act