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Forgeries and Its Types

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22 views

Forgeries and Its Types

Uploaded by

bagarnab4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORGERIES AND ITS TYPES

Johny Chingakham
School of Management Studies
Types of forgery

1. Simple Forgery
It is very basic and is done with very little effort.
To write something or sign a document with no attempt to follow a known sample of the
handwriting or signature.
The person will then try to pass off the handwriting or the signature as the original copy of
someone else’s original document.
2. Free Hand Simulation

 Forgery that is a free hand simulation is just a little more advanced than a simple
forgery.
 When a person attempts free hand simulation, they have a sample of the handwriting or
signature to look at.
 A forger will then try to recreate the shapes and styling
of handwriting and signatures.
3. Tracing
 When a signature is copied by using tracing methods, a person will attempt to reproduce
the most obvious or prominent features of a signature or handwritten text.
 Many times traced signatures and writing can be matched exactly to the original signature
or text.
 By using various methods such as light tables , we can compare text and find evidence of
document forgery by tracing.
4. Cut and Paste Forgery
 A real signature is cut from one report and set on the spurious record, then
photocopied.
 In the event that the lighting and determination is legitimately balanced, the record will
seem genuine.
 They will be indistinguishable, or to a great degree close if the counterfeiter is
sufficiently astute to change some minor points of interest.
5. Electronic Manipulation
 use of programs such as Photoshop to copy and alter the text in digital documents and with
digitally scanned documents.
 With electronic manipulation, the possibilities are endless for document forgery.
 Electronic forgery is also closely related to the cut-and-paste forgery.
 digitizes a genuine signature by high resolution scanning, then embeds it into the
spurious archive and prints it.
Signs of Forgery

1. Slow and methodical strokes


When people are writing in their own style with their own handwriting, the writing is done fast.
Mistakes are made when writing and don’t always correct them.
When a person is copying a style of writing or a signature,
they usually do so in a slow and methodical way, trying
to get everything just right.
Writing in this way create very even strokes with little to
no mistakes seen in the way they write
2. No variation in pen pressure
It is also one of the most common signs of forgery in a document.
When you write, you write quickly. Because you are writing quickly with
little thought to it, pen pressure will vary. You will notice hard and thick
lines as well as light and thin lines in your text as you write.
If someone tries to copy your writing or signature, they will form the
characters more carefully, creating even lines with no variation in pen
pressure.
3. An unnatural tremor
 can be an indicator of document forgery.
 tremors can happen because someone was nervous when they were writing.
 When compare original handwriting to forged handwriting, you can spot a difference
when there is an unnatural tremor caused by stress, fear, a medical condition, or other
factors.
4. Substituted pages
 These are forgeries found in multi-page documents.
 A forger may take a page out and try to change text or signatures on the page and then
replace the whole page in the document.
 Substituted pages can be revealed by looking at certain characteristics of the pages
throughout the document.
 Comparison of thickness of paper and type of paper used can indicate signs of such kind
of forgeries

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