Scribd
Upload
14 views

Chapter 7 Study Guide

Uploaded by

hshazam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Chapter 7 Study Guide

Uploaded by

hshazam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Anatomy Bowl

CHAPTER 7 STUDY Prep

GUIDE By: Amanda


Morden

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THREE MAJOR TYPES OF MUSCLE
TISSUE
(UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCES)

1. Skeletal muscle
-”striated muscle”
-”voluntary muscle”

2. Cardiac muscle
-”striated muscle”
-”involuntary muscle”

3. Smooth muscle
-”voluntary muscle”
-”visceral muscle”

For each, know where it is located, the physical


description, and what it does
 Skeletal muscle:
 Is in our biceps, triceps, postural muscles, etc
 Smooth muscle:
 Is found along our digestive tract: used to move food along
 Cardiac muscle:
 Is found in the heart
STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

 Origin
 The stationary attachment to bone
 Insertion
 The more movable attachment site to bone
 Tendons
 Anchor muscles firmly to bones
 Made of dense fibrous connective tissue in the shape of heavy
cords
 Bursae
 Lie in between some tendons and bones beneath them
 Synovial membrane
 Secretes a slippery lubricating fluid that fills the bursa
 Tendon sheaths
 Enclose some tendons
MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
Muscle fibers
 Specialized contractile cells that are grouped together and
arranged in a highly organized way
Thin and thick myofilaments
 Thick filaments are composed of myosin
 Thin filaments composed of actin
Actin
 Thin filaments
Myosin
 Thick filaments
Sarcomere
 The basic functional or contractile unit of skeletal muscle
MUSCLE STIMULUS

 Understand what a motor unit is and how it works


Define:
Neuromuscular junction
 Specialized point of contact between a nerve ending and the muscle fiber it
innervates
Motor neuron
 a specialized nerve that transmits an impulse to a muscle

 Know how the process of muscle stimulus works


When does a muscle fiber fire?
 When stimulated a muscle fiber will fire when it has reached its threshold
When does it not?
 If the stimulus is not strong enough the muscle will not fire
Understand and define:
Threshold stimulus
 Minimal level of stimulation needed to make a muscle contract
“All or none” muscle response
 Muscles will not partially contract. It will contract or remain the same
TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
 Know the difference between:
1.A twitch contraction vs. a tetanic contraction
2.An isotonic contraction vs. an isometric contraction
 Twitch contraction
 Is laboratory
 Does not play a significant role in normal muscular activity
 Tetanic
 Are sustained and steady contractions caused by a series of
stimuli bombarding the muscle
EXERCISE EFFECTS

 What happens when you don’t exercise?


Know and define:
 Disuse atrophy
 Atrophy is when the muscle fibers become weak due to lack of
stimulation

 What happens when you do exercise?


Know and define:
 Hypertrophy
 Hypertrophy is the increased size of a muscle due to increase of cells
 What are different types of exercise?
Know and define:
 Strength training
 Exercise involving the contraction of muscle against heavy resistance
 Endurance training
 Increases a muscles ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long
period of time
 is also called “Aerobic training”
 Allows for more efficient delivery of oxygen to muscles
SKELETAL MUSCLE GROUPS

Know the muscles of each group and what


each muscle does

Muscles of the Head and Neck


 Facial muscles
 Orbicularis oculi
 Orbicularis oris
 Zygomaticus
 Muscles of Mastication
 Masseter
 Temporal
 Sternocleidomastoid
 trapezius
 Muscles that move the Upper Extremities
 Pectoralis major- flexes upper arm
 Latissimus dorsi- extends upper arm
 Deltoid- abducts upper arm
 Biceps brachii-flexes forearm
 Triceps brachii- extends forearm
 Muscles of the Trunk
 Rectus abdominis
 External oblique
 Internal oblique
 Transversus abdominis
 Muscles that move the Lower Extremities
 Iliopsoas-flexes hip
 Gluteus maximus- extends thigh
 Adductor magnus- adducts thighs
 Hamstrings- flex lower leg
 Quadriceps- extends lower leg
MOVEMENTS PRODUCED BY SKELETAL
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
 Flexion
 Movement that decreases the angle between two bones at their joint: bending
 Extension
 Movement that increases the angle between two bones
 Abduction
 Movement of a part away from the midline of the body
 Adduction
 Movement of a part towards the midline of the body
 Rotation
 Movement around a longitudinal axis
 Supination and pronation
 Hand positions that result from rotation of the forearm;
 Supination results in palms facing up
 Pronation results in palms facing down
 Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
 Foot movements;
 Dorsiflexion results in elevation of dorsum or top of foot
 During plantar flexion- the bottom of the foot is directed downward

You might also like