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Cell Junctions and Adhesion BDS2019

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Tanisha Varshney
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9 views

Cell Junctions and Adhesion BDS2019

Uploaded by

Tanisha Varshney
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Junctions and Adhesion

Dr Anupama
Points

A . Cell Adhesion Molecules

B. Cell-Cell Junctions
1. Occluding Junctions
2. Anchoring Junctions
3. Communicating Junctions
Cell Adhesion Molecules
• Formation of multicellular organisms- requires
specific interaction
• Between cells to hold the cells together & to
communicate
• To coordinate activities.
Cell Adhesion-IMPORTANCE
• Maintains body form & structure
• Tissues organized during development
• used for cell migration
• Cell signaling alteration in disease
• Link to cell cytoskeleton
Form communication channels between cells
• Involved in signaling processes
Adhesive Functions

• Basal lamina assemble & organize epithelia-Smooth


muscle
• Maintains integrity during contraction
• Binds growth factors
• Neurons growth cone guidance, fasciculation
• Cell Migration (blood cell migration)
• Development - migration, cell sorting, tissue development
• wound healing
• macrophages
Adhesion Characteristics
• Transmembrane glycoproteins
• Normally permanent
• Changes with development
• Cells loose adhesion when mature or disease
conditions. (Erythrocytes, cancer)
A. Types of Cell Adhesion Molecules
(CAMs)

1. Cadherins

2. Ig-like CAMs (Immunoglobulin Superfamily)

3. Selectins

4. Integrins

All are single-pass transmembrane proteins


anchored to the
1.Cadherins – Ca2+ binding adhering proteins

When Ca2+ is bound to the 5 cadherin-repeat


domains,
They can bind to similar domains from an adjacent
cell.
Removal of extracellular- Ca2+ cause dissociation of
cells.
Cadherins are liked to the actin cytoskeleton by catenins
2. Ig-like CAMs
Are Ca2+ independent CAMs
20 different N-CAMs all by alternate splicing of one gene
3. Selectins
Mediate transient interactions by heterophilic binding to cell
surface glycoproteins on other cells.
4. Integrin
Binds cells to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin or laminin)
Or to Ig-family receptors.
Binding can be regulated.
B. Cell to Cell Junctions
are formed when groups of molecules
Interact between two cells.

3 broad classes:

1. Occluding Junctions -Tight Junctions


2. Anchoring junctions – Adherens jns / Desmosomes
3. Communicating junctions- Gap jns,Nexus

seal cells together to prevent passage of material


between cells.
TIGHT JUNCTIONS
Fusion of 2 plasma membranes acts as a
“seal”/barrier.
located on epithelia linings
digestive system gut,
ducts, cavities of glands,
liver,
pancreas capillary walls urinary bladder
located in the central nervous system
blood-brain barrier (brain capillaries)
and
choroid plexus (modified cuboidal epithelium)
Desmosomes
are circular spot junctions that produce strong
adhesions between two cells.
Esp. skin, intestinal epithelia, heart muscle
Gap junctions
• used for rapid communication
SITE-
heart muscle,
smooth muscle,
• electrical and chemical integration as a single functional unit
• direct communication between cells (open & close) of signaling molecules
• Permit transfer-ions & small molecules b/w cells without traversing the
extracellular space.
• Gaps-filled-densely packed particles
• Regulated by- Intracellular Ca ++ ions ,pH,& voltage
STRUCTURE
 close membranes 2 - 3 nm apart
 transmembrane protein - connexins
 two hemichannels (connexons) - form hollow 1.5 nm diameter cylinders
 each formed from 6 connexin molecules

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