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Pathogen

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5 views

Pathogen

Uploaded by

zvcbarman
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RECAP SESSION CLASS

TODAY’S TOPIC:
Brown Spot disease of Rice
Presenter: Pathogen
Dept. of Crop Science & Technology,
University of Rajshahi.
Causal Organisms

 Scientific Name:
Bipolaris oryzae
Helminthosporium oryzae
 Systemic position:
Class: Deuteromicotina
Order: Monilialis
Family: Dematiaceae
History
 Brown leaf spot occurs in all rice growing areas
and was responsible for the Bengal famine in
1942-1943.
 For the first time the disease was reported by
Sundararaman from Madras in 1919.
 The disease attacks the crop from the seedling
stage in the nursery to the milking stage in the
field.
 This disease is also known as sesame leaf blight
in Japan.
SYMPTOMS

 Development of dark brown spots on the


upper surface of the coleoptile, leaf blade,
leaf sheath and glume.
 Seed also infected - dark brown to black
colours spots can be seen on glumes.
 Spots are of various shapes and sizes- they
are isolated, dark brown, ellipsoidal or oval.
Contd.

 At Young stage, spots are minute, circular


appears as dark brown dots and
surrounded by a yellowish halo.
 At maturity, light brown or grey centre
with a dark or reddish brown margin.
 Cylindrical or oval to circular spots
coalesce results in leaf dries.
NATURE AND RECURRENCE
OF DISEASE/DISEASE CYCLE
 The disease is primarily seed borne.
 Conidia and mycelium are carry forward
from season to season on seed.
 Pathogen are also survive in crop debris
in field and on weed host.
Contd.
 Seed, field debris and weed serve as
source of primary inoculum.
 Collateral hosts(Saccharum officinarum,
Triticum aestivum, Zea mays etc.)
 provide air-borne conidia for secondary
infection (secondary inoculum).
PREDISPOSING
FACTORS/EPIDEMIOLOGY
 The pathogens are rapidly spread and develop
in continuous rains with cloudy weather.
 The pathogen is severe in low soil pH and
deficient of essential nutrient and trace
elements.
 Temperature of 25-30°C is favourable for the
pathogen.
 Relative humidity of over 92 percent.
 High doses of N
CONTROL
MEASURES/MANAGEMENT
Preventive measures:
 Use of resistant varieties
 Proper crop nutrition
 Avoid water stress
 Clean cultivation
Cultural practices:
 Use disease free seeds for sowing
 Do not use high nitrogenous fertilizer
Contd.

Seed treatment:
 Seeds treatment with ceresin, agrosan GN has
given satisfactory results.
 Treat seeds with hot water (53-54 C) for 10-12
minutes before planting, to control primary
infection at the seedling stage. To increase
effectiveness of treatment, pre-soak seeds in
cold water for eight hours.
Contd.
Chemical treatment:
 Spraying of Bordeaux mixture (3:3:50),
perenox or organic sulphur compounds like
Dithane Z.78 has been proved effective to
some extent.
 If the disease observed in the field than
spray 1g of ediphenophos or 2g of mancozeb
or 2.25g of zineb in 1 liter of water.

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