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Summarizing Lesson

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9 views

Summarizing Lesson

Uploaded by

sfreyadottir2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUMMARIZING

SUMMARIZING

Getting to the Point


SUMMARIZING IS A POWERFUL
READING STRATEGY. IT
INCREASES COMPREHENSION
AND RETENTION OF
INFORMATION.
WHEN YOU SUMMARIZE, YOU
RESTATE THE MOST
IMPORTANT INFORMATION OF
A TEXT, USING YOUR OWN
WORDS.
A SUMMARY CAN BE COMPLETED IN
WRITING, BUT ALSO ORALLY,
DRAMATICALLY, ARTISTICALLY,
VISUALLY, PHYSICALLY OR MUSICALLY.
SUMMARIZING IS:

Keeping
Deleting
Paraphrasing
KEEPING
KEEP ONLY THE IMPORTANT
INFORMATION AND MAIN IDEAS.
DELETING
DO NOT INCLUDE SUPPORTING
DETAILS IN YOUR SUMMARY.
SUMMARY

Short account of the central ideas of


a text

Summaries are not a place for…


 Opinions
 Background knowledge
 Personal information
HOW TO SUMMARIZE

1. Read the text.


2. Don’t let big words scare you.
3. Ask, “What was this text about?”
Your Answer…
 Should be a complete sentence or two
 Should cover main point and key ideas
 Should be in your own words
 Shouldn’t just be a word or two
WHAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN
MY SUMMARY?

 Only major ideas and necessary


information should go into a summary.


Ask yourself:

“Do I need this information to understand


the text?”

If the answer is yes, put it into your own words in


your summary.
MAIN IDEA AND KEY POINTS

Main Idea
The main idea is what the text is about.
Key Points
Key points are arguments or information that
is used to support the main idea.

Key points may be developed or elaborated with


supporting details.

Your summary should only include main


ideas and key points, not supporting
PARAPHRASING. USE YOUR OWN WORDS!!!
PARAPHRASING DEFINED

USING YOUR OWN WORDS TO EXPRESS SOMEONE ELSE'S MESSAGE


OR IDEAS. IN A PARAPHRASE, THE IDEAS AND MEANING OF THE
ORIGINAL SOURCE MUST BE MAINTAINED; THE MAIN IDEAS NEED TO
COME THROUGH, BUT THE WORDING HAS TO BE YOUR OWN.
ONE OF THE TOUGHEST PARTS OF
SUMMARIZING, IS PARAPHRASING --
PUTTING IMPORTANT INFORMATION
INTO YOUR OWN WORDS.
LET’S GIVE PARAPHRASING A
TRY.

READ THE PASSAGE ON THE NEXT


SLIDE. YOU WILL BE ASKED TO
PARAPHRASE AFTERWARDS, SO BE
SURE YOU ARE COMPREHENDING
AS YOU READ !!
BAREHEADED. AFTER MANY
INJURIES, PLAYERS BEGAN TO USE
PLAIN, LEATHER CAPS. PLASTIC
HELMETS AND MASKS APPEARED
LATER. STILL, MANY PLAYERS
WERE GETTING HURT. TO MAKE
HELMETS BETTER, DESIGNERS
STUDIED
--- WOODPECKERS! THEIR TOUGH,
SPONGY SKULLS BECAME THE
MODEL FOR MODERN FOOTBALL
HELMETS.
STECK-VAUGHN - COMPREHENSION SKILLS - MAIN IDEA - LEVEL F. PG. 34
NOW, SUMMARIZE THE TEXT FROM
THE PREVIOUS SLIDE EITHER IN
WRITING OR ORALLY.

REMEMBER TO PARAPHRASE.
IF YOU FOLLOW OUR 10% TO 25%
RULE, YOUR SUMMARY SHOULD ONLY
BE A FEW SENTENCES.
HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A SUMMARY
FOR THE PASSAGE YOU READ.

DURING FOOTBALL’S EARLY


DAYS, MANY INJURIES
OCCURRED DUE TO LITTLE OR
NO HEAD PROTECTION.
IMPROVED FOOTBALL
HELMETS WERE DESIGNED
USING WOODPECKER SKULLS
AS A MODEL.
REMEMBER
 Summaries are short restatements of a work's
main points.

 When writing a summary, be sure to record


the work's major ideas.

 Summaries condense a text's main ideas into


a few concise sentences.

A summarized work is always much shorter


than the original.
should be written in your own words.
TIPS

 When summarizing, avoid examples, asides, an


alogies, and rhetorical strategies.

 Onlyquote and paraphrase words and phrases t


hat you feel you absolutely must to reproduce e
xactly the author's or authors' full meaning.

 Keepin mind that your summary must fairly rep


resent the author's or authors' original ideas.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PARAPHRASING AND
SUMMARIZING

 To paraphrase means to express someone


else's ideas in your own language.

 To summarize means to distill only the


most essential points of someone else's
work.

.
A SUMMARY RECOUNTS THE MAIN IDEAS OF A
PASSAGE IN YOUR WORDS. IN A SUMMARY, YOU
NEED NOT INCLUDE EVERYTHING FROM THE
ORIGINAL PASSAGE, AND YOU DO NOT HAVE TO
PRESENT IDEAS IN THE SAME ORDER AS IN THE
ORIGINAL PASSAGE.
A paraphrase is more detailed than a summary,
which focuses on main ideas. In a paraphrase, you
recapitulate, point-by-point, the original passage in
your own words, and you maintain the original order
of the passage.

To paraphrase you might:

•read the passage several times to understand it.


Then, look away and rewrite it in your own words.

•take notes on the main points of the passage. Later,


go back to the notes and rewrite the ideas in your
own words.
TRY PARAPHRASING THE FOLLOWING

Original sentence:

Her life spanned years of


incredible change for women.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE:

SHE LIVED THROUGH AN ERA OF


LIBERATING REFORM FOR WOMEN.
ORIGINAL SENTENCE:

GIRAFFES LIKE ACACIA LEAVES AND


HAY, AND THEY CAN CONSUME 75
POUNDS OF FOOD A DAY.
PARAPHRASED SENTENCE:

A GIRAFFE CAN EAT UP TO 75 POUNDS OF


ACACIA LEAVES AND HAY EVERY DAY.
OKAY, NOW YOU TRY IT. HERE'S YOUR
ORIGINAL SENTENCE:

ANY TRIP TO ITALY SHOULD INCLUDE A


TRIP TO TUSCANY TO SAMPLE ITS
EXQUISITE WINES.
1. Summarize the following
a) Giddy-up, cowboys and girls! In the Southwest during early
half of the 1800s, cows were only worth 2 or 3 dollars a piece.
They roamed wild, grazed off of the open range, and were
abundant. Midway through the century though, railroads were
built and the nation was connected. People could suddenly
ship cows in freight trains to the Northeast, where the
Yankees had a growing taste for beef. Out of the blue, the same
cows that were once worth a couple of bucks were now worth
between twenty and forty dollars each, if you could get them
to the train station. It became pretty lucrative to wrangle up a
drove of cattle and herd them to the nearest train town, but it
was at least as dangerous as it was profitable. Cowboys were
threatened at every turn. They faced cattle rustlers, stampedes
and extreme weather, but kept pushing those steers to the
train station. By the turn of the century, barbed wire killed the
open range and some may say the cowboy too, but it was the
train that birthed him.
1. Paraphrase the following.
A. The United States, Germany, Japan and other industrial
powers are being transformed from industrial economies to
knowledge and information based service economies, whilst
manufacturing has been moving to low wage countries. In a
knowledge and information based economy, knowledge and
information are the key ingredients in creating wealth.

A. Students need to be more cognizant of the fact that


universities are looking for both high grades and
extracurricular activities when accepting new students.

A. Romeo and Juliet is not only the tale of two young, doomed
lovers; it is the story of how youth can be destroyed when the
banality of adulthood is imminent

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