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Assignment-01 On Environmental Pollution

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4 views

Assignment-01 On Environmental Pollution

Uploaded by

chachachola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment-01

Md Asif Anwar
2024129934
Water
Pollution
Contamination of water bodies
(lakes, rivers, oceans) due to
human activities or natural
processes. It degrades water
quality, endangering both human
health and ecosystems.

There are various types of water


pollution:

Surface Water Pollution


Groundwater Pollution
Microbiological Pollution
Chemical Pollution
Major Causes of Water Pollution
1. Industrial Waste: Chemicals, heavy metals, and toxins
released into rivers, lakes, and oceans from factories.
Examples: Oil spills, toxic waste.
2. Agricultural Runoff: Pesticides, fertilizers, and animal waste
washing into water bodies. Causes nutrient overload
(eutrophication) and harmful algal blooms.
3. Sewage and Wastewater: Untreated or poorly treated
sewage directly released into water. Pathogens and harmful
bacteria lead to waterborne diseases.
4. Plastic and Trash Pollution: Non-biodegradable plastics
clog waterways, harming marine life.
Major Causes of Water Pollution
1. Oil Spills: Major marine disasters where oil contaminates
oceans and coasts, destroying ecosystems.
2. Mining Activities: Release of harmful chemicals (e.g.,
cyanide, mercury) from mining operations into water bodies.
3. Urban Runoff: Rainwater washes pollutants from roads,
buildings, and parking lots into rivers and streams.
4. Climate Change: Rising temperatures and more intense
storms increase runoff and flooding, exacerbating pollution.
Air
Pollution
Air pollution refers to the
contamination of the atmosphere
by harmful substances such as
chemicals, particulate matter, and
biological materials.
There are various types of water
pollution:

Main Sources:
Industrial Emissions
Vehicle Exhaust
Burning of Fossil Fuels
Agricultural Activities
Natural Events
Hazards
1. 1) Health Hazards:
2. Respiratory Issues: Asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer
caused by inhaling polluted air.
3. Heart Disease: Prolonged exposure to polluted air increases
the risk of heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases.
4. Premature Death: Air pollution contributes to millions of
premature deaths globally every year.
Hazards
1. 2) Environmental Hazards:
2. Global Warming: Greenhouse gases like CO₂ trap heat, leading to
climate change.
3. Acid Rain: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) mix with
water vapor to form acid rain, damaging crops, forests, and aquatic
life.
4. Ozone Layer Depletion: Air pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) break down the ozone layer, increasing UV radiation reaching
Earth.
Methods to Prevent, Control & Treat
solid wastes
Prevention and Reduction of Solid Waste

•Waste Minimization at the Source: Encourage industries to adopt cleaner production techniques,
reducing packaging waste, and encouraging product design that minimizes materials.

•Public Awareness Campaigns: Governments and NGOs can raise awareness about waste
reduction. For example, Taiwan has implemented successful policies encouraging citizens to reduce
plastic use by banning single-use plastic bags and straws.

•Zero-Waste Lifestyles: Promote practices like buying in bulk, reusing containers, and avoiding
disposable products.
Methods to Prevent, Control & Treat
solid wastes
Recycling & Reuse:

•Effective Waste Sorting: Taiwan has a world-leading recycling rate of over 50%, thanks to
stringent sorting laws for recyclables, food waste, and general waste.

•Recycling Infrastructure: Cities in Taiwan have established recycling stations in urban


neighborhoods, where citizens can deposit items like paper, plastic, electronics, and metals.

•Composting Organic Waste: Organic waste like food scraps can be composted to produce
natural fertilizer. Taiwan’s food waste collection system is an example of this, where households
separate food waste for reuse in agriculture.
Methods to Prevent, Control & Treat
solid wastes
Legislation and Enforcement:
•Strict Penalties for Littering and Illegal Dumping: Taiwan imposes fines on
individuals and businesses that violate waste management laws. This encourages
compliance and proper waste disposal.

•Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): This policy requires manufacturers to


take responsibility for the entire lifecycle of their products, including disposal. It
encourages companies to design products that are easier to recycle or reuse.

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