Working Drawing

TOPICS
Introduction
Detail drawing
Assembly
drawing

Assembly

section
Introduction
 DEFINITION
Working drawing is a set of drawing used
during the work of making a product.

Working drawing

Detail Assembly
drawing drawing
 DEFINITION

Detail drawing is a multiview representation

of a single part with dimensions and notes.

Assembly drawing is a drawing of various

parts of a machine or structure assembled in
their relative working positions.
 PURPOSE
Detail drawing conveys the information
and instructions for manufacturing the part.

Assembly drawing conveys

1. completed shape of the product.

2. overall dimensions.
3. relative position of each part.
4. functional relationship among various
components.
Detail Drawing
 INFORMATION IN
DETAILDRAWING

1. General information Title block

2. Part’ s information

1. Shape description
Object’s
2. Size description views

3. Specifications Notes
GENERAL INFORMATION
 Name of company
 Title of drawing (usually part’s name)
 Drawing sheet number
 Name of drafter, checker
 Relevant dates of action
(drawn, checked, approved etc.)
 Revision table
 Unit
 Scale
 Method of projection
 PART’ S
Shape INFORMATION
 Orthographic drawing
 Pictorial
drawing
Size  Dimensions and Tolerances

Specifications  Part number, name,

number required
 Type of material
used
 General notes
 Heat treatment
 Surface finish
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
Draw one part to one sheet of paper.

If not the case,

- apply enough spacing between parts.
-draw all parts using the same scale.
-Otherwise, the scale should be clearly note
under each part’s drawing.

Standard parts such as bolt, nut, pin,

bearing
do not require detail drawings.
PLACING AN INFORMATION
(This course)

Completed dimension
orthographic drawing

Part No., Part name, material, Number required

Notes
Title block
Unit, fillets & rounds sizes etc.
EXAMPLE : Interpreting detail drawing

1. Orthographic
views
2. Dimensions
& Tolerances
3. Surface
finishing

Title block
General note
Gen. tolerance Projection
Revision table
Assembly Drawing
TYPES OF ASSEMBLY
DRAWING
1. Exploded assembly drawings
The parts are separately display, but they are aligned
according to their assembly positions and sequences.

2. General assembly drawings.

All parts are drawn in their working position.

3. Detail assembly drawings

All parts are drawn in their working position with a
completed dimensions.
 1. EXPLODED
ASSEMBLY
Pictorial representation
Finished product
 1. EXPLODED
ASSEMBLY
Orthographic representation
 2. GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
Pictorial Orthographic
 2. GENERAL
ASSEMBLY

Only dimensions relate to Only dimensions relate to

machine’s operation are machine’s operation are given
given. in tabulated form (not
2. GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
3. DETAILED
ASSEMBLY
(working-drawing assembly)
 REQUIRED INFORMATION IN
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
DRAWING
1. All parts, drawn in their operating position.

2. Part list (or bill of materials, BOM)

1. Item number
2. Descriptive name
3. Material, MATL.
4. Quantity required (per a unit of machine), QTY.

3. Leader lines with balloons around part numbers.

4. Machining and assembly operations and critical
dimensions related to operation of the machine.
 PLACING AN INFORMATION
(This course)

- Assembled parts

- Reference numbers

Part list

General notes
Title block
 PART LIST (BOM) (This course)

Locate above or beside the title block.

Fill the table from the bottom.

Stainless Steel,
3 SET SCREW 1
M3 HEX SOCK CUP PT
2 SHAFT 1 Stainless Steel
1 SUPPORT 2 Cast Iron
NO. PART NAME REQD. MATL. & NOTE
EXAMPLE : Another allowable place for BOM
 STEPS TO
CREATE ASSEMBLY
DRAWING
1. Analyze geometry and dimensions of all parts
in order to understand the assembly steps
and overall shape of device or machine.

2. Select an appropriate view.

3. Choose major parts, i.e. parts that have
several parts assembled on.
4. Draw a view of major parts according to a
selected viewing direction.
 STEPS TO
CREATE ASSEMBLY
5. AddDRAWING
detail view of the remaining parts at their
working positions.
6. Apply section technique where relative
positions between adjacent parts are needed
to clarify.

7. Add balloons, notes and dimensions (if

any).

8. Create BOM.
 GENERAL PRACTICE
The number of views can be one, two, three
or more as needed, but it should be minimum.

A good viewing direction is that represents all

(or most) of the parts assembled in their working
position.
EXAMPLE : Selection of a necessary view
Given

Part Part B
Student A A Student B

Which is an appropriate view for assembly drawing ?

 GENERAL PRACTICE
Hidden lines are usually omitted unless they
are absolutely necessary to illustrate some
important feature that the reader might
otherwise miss.
EXAMPLE : Hidden lines omit or not ?

Part B
A

C
Part B
Good Poor
EXAMPLE : Hidden lines omit or not ?

Part
A
B

Part B

Good Poor
EXAMPLE : Hidden lines omit or not ?

Part
A B

Part B
Good Poor
 GENERAL PRACTICE
Section technique is usually needed to clarify
mating of the parts.
Use different section line styles for adjacent parts.

Correct
Part
A

Better
Part B
Color OFF ON
 SECTION LINE PRACTICE
Do not draw section lines on sectional view of
standard parts.
- Threaded fastener
- Washer
- (longitudinal cut of) Solid shaft, Pin, Key
EXAMPLE 1 : Assembly steps

1 CLEVIS, Steel, 1 REQD.

2 ARM, Steel, 1 REQD.

3 PIN, Steel, 1 REQD.

EXAMPLE : Section line practice

B
Which is an appropriate
full section view of this
assembly ?
Good Poor
Color OFF ON
EXAMPLE 2 : Assembly steps

1 SUPPORT, Steel, 1 REQD.

2 SHAFT, Steel, 1 REQD.

3 TAPER PIN, Steel, 1 REQD.

 EXAMPLE : Section line practice

A B

Which is an appropriate D
C full section view of this
assembly ?

Good Poor

Color OFF ON
EXAMPLE 3 : Assembly steps

2 ARM, Steel, 1 REQD.

1 CLEVIS, Steel, 1 REQD. 3 PIN, Steel, 1 REQD.

EXAMPLE : Section line practice

Which is an appropriate Good Poor

section view of the joint ?
C Color OFF ON
 LEADER LINE PRACTICE
Drawn from the inside of the part to the balloon
and placed a filled circle at the beginning of a line.
Drawn in the oblique direction.

1
2
EXAMPLE

Shaft
Bearing

Cap Cover
screw plate

Housing
INTERPRETING ASSEMBLY
DRAWING

1. Assemble steps.

2. Function of each part in machine.

3. Design concept.
EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing

Assemble steps
1. Install bearing to the shaft.

2. Install the bearing-shaft unit to

the housing.

3. Install the cover plate.

4. Tighten the screw.

EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing

Functions of main parts

1. Bearing :
Support the rotating shaft.

2. Cover :
- Control an axial movement.
- Prevent the bearing unit from
rotation.
EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing

Design concept

Avoid direct contact between

rotating shaft and housing as well
as cover plate by using a
bearing and clearance holes.
EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit

Assemble steps

1. Wrap a packing to the shaft.

2. Install studs to the casing.

3. Install the gland ring where its

holes align with stud.

4. Place the washer and

tightening the nut.
Casing
Gland Packing
EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit

Function
1. Packing :
- Preventing the leakage of a
fluid inside the casing.
2. Gland :
- Press the packing to make it
radial expand and press the
shaft surface.

Casing
Gland Packing
EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit

Design concept

Avoid direct contact between

rotating shaft and casing as well
as gland ring’s hole.

Casing
Gland Packing
EXAMPLE 3 : Fixing parts on a shaft.

Assemble steps

1. Place the keys on the

key seats.
2. Insert the parts to the
shaft until their surfaces
lean against the shoulder.
3. Insert collar and then pin
or retaining ring into the
groove.
EXAMPLE 3 : Fixing parts on a shaft.

Function

1. Key :
- Preventing
rotational
movement of parts.

2. Pin and retaining

ring :
- Prevent axial movement
of parts on the shaft.
EXAMPLE : Fixing parts on a shaft.

Design concept

Retaining ring can resist

lower axial force than collar
& pin unit.
EXAMPLE : Parts with tapered holes on tapered shaft.

Assemble steps
1. Insert the part on the
tapered end of the shaft.

2. Insert the washer

(non-standard).

3. Tightening the
nut.
EXAMPLE : Parts with tapered holes on tapered shaft.

Function

1. Washer :
- Improve the distribution
the tightening force on
the part.
EXAMPLE : Parts with tapered holes on tapered shaft.

Design concept

Length of the tapered

portion and depth of the
tapered hole require a
calculation.
EXAMPLE : Parts having preloaded spring

Assemble steps
Spring in
free length 1. Insert the spring into the casing.

2. Tighten the rod to the spring

loader.

3. Close the cap and tighten.

EXAMPLE : Parts having preloaded spring

Function
1. Spring plunger :
- Transmit a force from rod
to spring.
- Keep the spring in a
position.
EXAMPLE : Parts having preloaded spring

Design concept

Spring plunger has a spherical

surface contacts to the cap;
therefore, the rod can align itself
to original position.
Mating of Parts
 POINTS TO CONSIDER

1. Surface finishing

2. Tolerance
- Size
- Geometry
 SURFACE FINISHING

Surface finishing means the quality of a surface.

It relates to the level of roughness of a surface.

Purpose
1. To control the accuracy in positioning and
tightness between mating parts.
2. To reduce the friction, especially for the part
moves relative to other parts.
 Surface Control

• Why do we need to control

surface characteristics?

– Rough surfaces cause friction and

wear
– It is difficult to make accurate measurements
from rough surfaces
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 Surface Characteristics
• Roughness

– Small hills and valleys found on a surface

– Defined as the arithmetic average of the deviations

above and below a mean height of a surface

– Expressed in microinches or micrometers.

64
• Waviness

– Surface irregularities greater than roughness

– Expressed in inches or millimeters

• Lay

– Direction of tool marks on a machined surface.