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Inhalant Use Disorder 2

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17 views14 pages

Inhalant Use Disorder 2

Uploaded by

helloosmokii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inhalant Volatile Use Disorder

-SRADHA ANISHA SHAJI


INTRODUCTION
Inhalant abuse, also known as volatile substance abuse or solvent abuse by sniffing, huffing, or snorting.It defines inhalant use
disorder as the deliberate inhalation of volatile substances like glue, gasoline and cleaning fluids to induce psychoactive
effects.
Commonly Abused Inhalants
Volatile Solvents Aerosols
Includes Glues(toulene), correction fluids, marker pens,paint Deodorants , hair sprays etc.
thinners and removers,petrol etc.

Gases Nitrites
Butane , propane,ansthetic gases( nitrous oxide) Amyl Nitrite (poppers)
Epidemiology
1 Worldwide Problem 2 Prevalence 3 Amyl Nitrite
Inhalant dependence is a serious
Volatile Substance Misuse is a Amyl Nitrite (poppers) appears to be
health problem in adolescent
worldwide problem. The psychiatric subjects and is associated with more commonly used.
morbidity survey(2009) suggests high comorbidity of other
substance dependence,
that in households in England,
psychiatric disorder, and
lifetime use of volatile Substance externalizing spectrum disorder.
was about 1.4%. There is a need for community-
based prospective studies in this
area from India.
Methods of Use

Top of Bottles
The method of injestion depends on the substance used and include inhalation from: Top of bottles

Beer Cans
Beer cans

Cloths
Cloths held over a mouth.

Plastic Bags
Plastic bags

Sprays
Sprays
Clinical Effects
Long Term Effects Short Term Effects

Neurotoxic effects Euphoria and excitation

Peripheral neuropathy Visual hallucination and slurred


speech

Impaired cerebral function Ataxia,confusion and delirium

Encephalitis Stupor,seizure coma or death

Dementia

Damage to liver, kidneys,heart


and brain
Stages of Inhalant Intoxication
Stage 1 1
Excitatory stage (euphoria and excitation which acts as the source of
addiction.
2 Stage 2
Stage of early CNS depressants( visual hallucination and slurred
speech)
Stage 3 3
Stage of medium CNS depression (ataxia,confusion and delirium)

4 Stage 4
Stage of late CNS depression (stupor,seizure coma or death)
Tolerance and Dependence
Dependence Physical Withdrawal Tolerance
Symptoms
Dependence can develop if its use With sustained use over a period of
is regular Sleep disturbance, Irritability, 6-12 months tolerance can
Nausea, Tachycardia, Anxiety, develop.
Hallicunations, Dillusions
Diagnosis

Glue on Hands, Face, Cloths


It is suggested by Several features including Glue on the hands, face ,cloths.

Chemical Smell on Breath


Chemical smell on breath.

Disorientation in Time and Space


Rapid onset and waning of intoxication. Disorientation in time and space.

Glue-Sniffers Rash
A suggestive feature is a Facial Rash(glue-Sniffers rash) caused by repeated inhalation from a bag.
Management
1 Acute Medical Management
General principles: Acute medical management(in case if intoxication)

2 Detailed History
Detailed history (including product used, other substances and psychiatric
symptoms)

3 Physical Examination
Physical examination including detailed neurological examination
(especially chronic abusers)

4 Lab Investigation
Lab investigation for liver and kidney and liver function, ECG.
Pharmacotherapy
1 Benzodiazepines 2 Baclofen
Benzodiazepines like diazepam ( acute intoxication) Baclofen(around 50 mg/day)

3 Buspirone 4 Lamotrigine
Buspirone(40 mg/day) Lamotrigine(100mg/day)
PSYCHOSOCIAL
INTERVENTIONS
Psychosocial interventions are a vital part of mental health treatment.
They aim to address the psychological and social factors that
contribute to mental health issues. These interventions can be used to
help individuals develop coping skills, improve their relationships, and
manage their symptoms.
ASSESSMENT
DIET ACTIVITY

Consult with a dietician if the patient has poor nutrition. Follow up on the treatment is very essential to ensure
patient safety.
If no additional medical problems then the patient can eat
regular diet. Routine activities can be maintained if the patient is
medically stable.
Nurses Role
1 Education
Teach the family about the inhalant abuse and it’s effects on entire family.
Meeting the potential health problems and nutrition advice to patients and
families.

2 Monitoring
Nurses meet the basic needs like safety, hygiene, comfort,calm and quite
environment of the patients. Adminster substitution therapy. Prompt
interventions in emergencies like LOC and respiratory arrest. Monitoring
withdrawal symptoms and their appropriate management.

3 Support
Teach the patient/family how to recognise psychosocial stressors that may
exacerbate inhalant abuse and how to avoid or prevent them. Teach
patient/family about the availability of self help programs to strengthen
patient recovery.

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