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Modulle 2 Magnetron

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8 views

Modulle 2 Magnetron

V

Uploaded by

salmanul farisi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAGNETRON

MICROWAVE CROSSED-FIELD
TUBES
 In crossed-field devices, the DC magnetic field
and the DC electric field are perpendicular to
each other

 Crossed-field tubes derive their name from the


fact that the DC electric field and the DC
magnetic field are perpendicular to each other

 In a crossed-field tube, the electrons emitted


by the cathode are accelerated by the electric
field and gain velocity, but the greater their
velocity, the more their path is bent by the
magnetic field
 If an RF field is applied to the anode circuit,
those electrons entering the circuit during
the retarding field are decelerated and give
up some of their energy to the RF field
 Consequently, their velocity is decreased,

and these slower electrons will then travel


the DC electric field far enough to regain
essentially the same velocity as before
 Because of the crossed-field interactions,

only those electrons that have given up


sufficient energy to the RF field can travel all
the way to the anode.
 This phenomenon would make the M-type
devices relatively efficient
 Those electrons entering the circuit during

the accelerating field are accelerated by


means of receiving enough energy from the
RF field and are returned back toward the
cathode
 This back-bombardment of the cathode

produces heat in the cathode and decreases


the operational efficiency.
MAGNETRON OSCILLATORS
 All magnetrons consist of some form of anode and
cathode operated in a DC magnetic field normal to
a DC electric field between the cathode and anode

 Because of the crossed field between the cathode


and anode, the electrons emitted from the cathode
are influenced by the crossed field to move in
curved paths

 If the DC magnetic field is strong enough, the


electrons will not arrive in the anode but return
instead to the cathode.

 Consequently, the anode current is cut off


CYLINDRICAL MAGNETRON
 In a cylindrical magnetron, several reentrant
cavities are connected to the gaps.

 The DC voltage Vo is applied between the


cathode and the anode . The magnetic flux
density Bo is in the positive z direction

 When the de voltage and the magnetic flux


are adjusted properly, the electrons will
follow cycloidal paths in the cathode anode
space under the combined force of both
electric and magnetic fields
ELECTRON PATH IN A CYLINDRICAL
MAGNETRON.
 Hull cutoff magnetic equation

 This means that if Bo > B0c for a given Vo , the


electrons will not reach the anode.

 The cutoff voltage

 This means that if Vo < Voc for a given Bo, the


electrons will not reach the anode.
CYCLOTRON ANGULAR
FREQUENCY
 Since the magnetic field is normal to the
motion of electrons that travel in a cycloidal
path, the outward centrifugal force is equal
to the pulling force.

 R = radius of the cycloidal path


 v = tangential velocity of the electron
 The cyclotron angular frequency of the
circular motion of the electron is

 The period of one complete revolution


 oscillations are possible only if the total
phase shift around the structure is an
integral multiple of

 if there are N reentrant cavities in the anode


structure, the phase shift between two
adjacent cavities can be expressed as
 In order for oscillations to be produced in the
structure, the anode dc voltage must be
adjusted so that the average rotational
velocity of the electrons corresponds to the
phase velocity of the field in the slow-wave
structure

 Magnetron oscillators are ordinarily operated


in the mode
LINES OF FORCE - EIGHT-CAVITY
MAGNETRON
 It is evident that in the mode , the excitation is
largely in the cavities, having opposite phase in
successive cavities

 The successive rise and fall of adjacent anode


cavity fields may be regarded as a traveling
wave along the surface of the slow-wave
structure

 For the energy to be transferred from the


moving electrons to the traveling field, the
electrons must be decelerated by a retarding
field when they pass through each anode cavity
 If L is the mean separation between cavities,
the phase constant of the fundamental-mode
field is

 The traveling-wave field of the slow-wave


structure may be obtained by solving
Maxwell's equations subject to the boundary
conditions
 the traveling field of the fundamental mode
travels around the structure with angular
velocity

 When the cyclotron frequency of the


electrons is equal to the angular frequency of
the field, the interactions between the field
and electron occurs and the energy is
transferred
POWER OUTPUT AND EFFICIENCY
 Equivalent circuit for one resonator of a
magnetron.
 The unloaded quality factor of the resonator
is

 The external quality factor of the load circuit


is

 Then the loaded Qc of the resonant circuit is


 The circuit efficiency is defined as

 The maximum circuit efficiency is obtained


when the magnetron is heavily loaded
 Heavy loading makes the tube quite sensitive
to the load, which is undesirable in some
cases

 the ratio of Q l/ Qex, is often chosen as a


compromise between the conflicting
requirements for high circuit efficiency and
frequency stability.
 The electronic efficiency is defined as
 Thank you

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