Fiction and

Non-fiction
Writing
NON-FICTION
WRITING
 So many types!

• Review Writing
• Biography Writing
• Report Writing
• Non-chronological Report Writing
• News Report
• Recount Writing
• Informational Writing
• Balanced Argument Writing
• Persuasive Writing
• Opinion Writing
 Review
• A type of recount writing that describes and evaluates a product
• In a review, the writer recounts their personal experience with the subject of the review.
• Providing details about its features, benefits and drawbacks
• Also include the writer’s critical evaluation of the subject, including their opinion on its overall quality whether or not
they would recommend it to others.

Features:
• Introduction  A brief summary of what is being reviewed, including its purpose, background, and any relevant content.
• Description  A detailed explanation of the product or service being reviewed, including its features
• Evaluation A critical analysis of the product or service based on the reviewers’ personal experience and its observation,
including its weakness.
• Comparison  A comparison of the reviewed product or service with similar products or services in the market, highlighting
the differences and similarities.
• Pros and Cons  A list of the positive and negative aspects of the product or service, giving readers an idea of what to
expect if they decided to use it.
• Recommendation  A final verdict on the product or service, based on the reviewer’s overall evaluation, including whether
or not they would recommend it to others.
• Rating  A numerical or star-based rating system used to indicate the overall quality or service.
• Personalization A personalized touch in the review, such as sharing personal anecdotes or experiences, making the review
more relatable and engaging.
 Biography

Features:
• 3rd person of view  The author is writing about the subject and not themselves. Can contain subheadings.
• Chronological structure  Starting from the subject’s birth and ending with their death (if applicable). This structure helps
the reader to follow the subject’s life in a logical order.
• Past tenses  They described events that have already occurred. Present tense can be used when describing the subject’s
influence until now.
• Subheadings  Can be used to help to make the text easier to read. Subheadings can be used to break up different times
in the subject’s life, highlight important accomplishments or situations, or focus on specific detail of the subject’s life.
• Facts  Help in showing accurate information in the subject’s life. These include: dates of important events, name of key
individuals in his/her life, details of their accomplishments or situations. Can be presented as part of the text, in bullet
points or tables.
• Quotes → Use quotation mark and cite the source
• Objective tone → No personal biases and opinions. Balanced between good and bad facts.

Area of Comparison Biography Autobiography

Narrative 3rd person 1st person

Objectivity More Objective More Subjective

Formality Formal tone Informal tone

 Report
Features:
• Clear purpose → Stated in the introduction. Purpose of the report are: inform, persuade, recommend, or evaluate.
• Headings and subheadings → Help in organizing information and make it easier for the readers to read through the text.
• Introduction → Gives background information and states the purpose of the report.
• Body → Gives the findings
• Conclusion and/or recommendation → Summarizes the key points of the report and may rewrite the purpose of the text.
Recommendations provide instructions for future actions.
• Formal language → Serious and professional
• Objectivity → No personal biases and opinions. Balanced between good and bad information.
• Tense → Usually past tense for the body, present for the conclusion.

Non-
chronological
Features:
• Chronological order → None, follow the order of the purpose and presented information.
• Headings and subheadings
• Clear purpose
• Flexible structure → May include sections ordered by importance.
• Formal Style
• Facts and Evidence
• Visuals
• Technical vocabulary → specific terms used in a particular field
• Conclusion → Summarize the key point of the report and provide suggestions for future research
• Examples
• Text organization → Bullet points and bold words
• Tense → Present tense
 News Report
Features:
• Headlines → Catchy but related
• Byline → author of the article
• Place line → Identifies where the event takes place
• Introduction answering the 5Ws + 1H → Summary of the information using who, what, where, why, when, how.
• Quotes and sources → Include information from eyewitness to give more context to the reader
• 3rd person narration
• Formal tone
• Passive voice
• Conclusion → Includes a future prediction, future action plan.
• Tense → Mostly past, present for urgency or dramatic effect.
• Inverted pyramid structure -> Important on top, least important on bottom.

Recount
Writing
Features:
• Chronological order → Following the order of how the events occurred.
• 1st person point of view
• Past tense
• Descriptive language → To help the readers visualized the event.
• Sequential connectors → First, next, then, finally. To keep the writing flowing
• Emphasis on the experience → Provide a detailed account on the event
• Past tense
 Informational

Features:
• Headline → Tells objectively what the topic is about
• Topic focus → Focus on a specific topic ONLY
• Objective tone
• Structure → Headings, subheadings. Bullet points, bold words.
• Relevant details
• Citations and sources
• Tone → Professional and informative, not too technical
• Graphics and visuals → To break the text
• Closing thoughts → To help reader understand the topic

Balanced
Argument
Features:
• Clear thesis statement → Identifies the claim
• Evidence → To back up the claim. These can include: data, statistics, quote, examples.
• Logical organization → Introduction, body, conclusion
• Avoid bias
• Use connectives
• Conclusion → Leaves lasting impression on the reader without favoring one side.
 Persuasive

Features:
• Catchy headline
• Clear thesis statement → Identifies the claim
• Logical argumentation → Logical arguments (include evidence)
• Emotional appeal → Emotional language to strengthen argument
• Persuasive techniques
• Counterarguments → Acknowledge opposing views and present it to strengthen your claim
• Closing thoughts → Reinforce argument, a call for action, and a worst case scenario should be used in the conclusion.

Opinion
Features:
• Headline
• Clear opinion statement
• Personal voice
• Supporting evidence
• Subjective tone → represent writer’s POV
• Use phrases that expresses the opinion → Examples: “I believe”, “I think”, “In my opinion”
FICTION
WRITING
 So many types!

• Realistic Fiction
• Fantasy
• Mystery
• Science Fiction
• Narrative
Fantasy → Magic, Mythical creatures, limitless possibilities
• Supernatural occurrences
• Characters with magical power
• Things with magical power
• Animals with human characteristics (Example: A lion can speak)
• Things with human characteristics Story opening
• Real people in fantastic places • Grab the reader’s attention
• Fantastic creatures in real situations • Introduce the main character
• Set the scene
Mystery → Critical thinking, solve puzzles and write suspenseful narratives An exciting incident (the • Give a hint about the plot to create suspense
hook) • Keep it concise
• Crime or mysterious event (example: lost sister)
• a detective Realistic fiction →Based on everyday experiences
• clue and evidence, • Takes place in present or recent past
• plot twist • Involved in events that could happened
• red herrings • Lived in real places
• Big reveal • Real people with real issues with real solution

Science fiction → Space exploration, Futuristic gadgets, Extraterrestrial life, time travel and parallel universe, speculative
science theories
Action verbs
Adjectives, adverbs, and lots of details
Dialogue may use unusual forms of vocabulary or alien languages
A variety of sentence types

Narrative → Setting, character description, problem, solution, and ending

Dramatic title
Written in 1st or 3rd person
Past tense
Human main characters