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Introduction To Nucleic Acids

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11 views

Introduction To Nucleic Acids

Uploaded by

sorianojhasmin445
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are essential molecules of life. They carry genetic
information, enabling the transmission of traits from one generation to the next
and directing protein synthesis.

by Jhasmin Soriano
DNA and RNA Structure and Components and
properties
DNA RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double-stranded helix Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is typically single-stranded and consists of
composed of nucleotides, each containing a nucleotides with a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a
deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. RNA plays a critical role in protein synthesis,
nitrogenous base. It stores genetic information and is carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.
responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits.
RNA and DNA Types
1 DNA 2 RNA
DNA exists in different forms, RNA types include messenger
including genomic DNA, RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA
mitochondrial DNA, and (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA),
plasmid DNA. and small nuclear RNA
(snRNA).

3 Samples
Nucleic acid samples are isolated from various sources like cells, tissues,
and bodily fluids.
Transcription and Translation
Transcription
Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from
DNA to mRNA. This occurs in the nucleus of a cell.

Translation
Translation is the process of converting the genetic code in
mRNA into a protein sequence. It happens at the ribosomes in
the cytoplasm.

Protein Synthesis
Together, transcription and translation constitute the central
dogma of molecular biology, the process of protein synthesis.
Genetic Mutations and
Diseases
Point Mutations Insertions and Deletions
A point mutation is a change in a Insertions and deletions involve
single nucleotide in a DNA the addition or removal of one or
sequence. more nucleotides.

Chromosomal Abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities involve larger-scale changes in chromosome
structure or number.
Applications of Nucleic Acids
Genetic Testing Diagnosing diseases and
identifying genetic
predispositions.

Gene Therapy Replacing or correcting faulty


genes to treat diseases.

Forensics DNA fingerprinting for crime


investigation and identification.

Biotechnology Developing new drugs, therapies,


and agricultural products.

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