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Lecture5 - ITS

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37 views

Lecture5 - ITS

Uploaded by

Manan Chhabra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intelligent Transportation

Systems
CV-6801
Dr. Deotima Mukherjee
Dr. Bhupati Kannur

Lecture 5
Connected Vehicles/Autonomous
Vehicles
• A connected vehicle is one that is capable of connecting
over wireless networks to nearby devices.

• Connected vehicles are an important factor in the


advance of IoT.

• The use cases range from connected entertainment


systems that connect with the driver’s mobile phone to
Internet-connected vehicles that have bi-directional
communication with other vehicles, mobile devices and
city intersections.

• Connected vehicle is an Internet of Things (IoT)


technology with broad implications.
• Connected vehicle technology is part of the Intelligent
Transportations Systems government initiative, and there are many
active trials around the world today.

• One of the primary use cases for the IoT car is safety, via rapid
vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside unit communications
(also known as V2X) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I).

• There are many other examples of connected vehicle technology at


work in the automotive IoT space
How does Connected Vehicles work?
• Connected vehicles connect to a network to enable bi-directional
communications between vehicles (cars, trucks, buses and trains) and other
vehicles, mobile devices and infrastructure for the purpose of triggering
critical communications and events.

• In the case of city traffic and intersection safety, for example, those
communications can enable vehicles outfitted with connected vehicle
technology to communicate their locations continuously and to receive near
real-time information that triggers an automated response.
The connected vehicle government fact sheet
provides a concise, easy-to-understand
description:

Cars, trucks, buses, and other vehicles will be


able to “talk” to each other with in-vehicle or
aftermarket devices that continuously share
important safety and mobility information with
each other. Connected vehicles can also use
wireless communication to “talk” to traffic
signals, work zones, toll booths, school zones,
and other types of infrastructure. The vehicle
information communicated is anonymous, so
vehicles cannot be tracked and the system is
secure against tampering.
Examples of CVs at work with IoT
• With vehicles becoming more sophisticated and more connected, cars today are
connecting to more sophisticated, high-bandwidth networks, in order to enable a range
of capabilities.

For example:
• Automotive IoT enables high-speed vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure
communications to trigger the following results, many of which are possible today:
Adaptive cruise control
Automatic route planning based on real-time conditions
Traffic redirected away from congestion
Automatically updated road signage, to report traffic or conditions
Communications to drivers, notifying them of crash sites or wrong-way drivers ahead
Automatic vehicle braking to prevent collisions (in trials)
Autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicle control (in trials)
Examples
• GPS is one example of a technology that supports connected vehicle, as the GPS
network allows a car to plan a route, taking into account current traffic conditions
to avoid traffic jams.

• The sophistication of GPS and its use by connected vehicles will continue to
evolve with lower latency networks and the advance of connected vehicle
technology.

• OnStar is another example, with a car connecting to an OnStar representative so


that a driver can get assistance when needed.

• Today, connected vehicles are equipped with 4G receivers to create an in-vehicle


hotspot.
How will 5G Networks impact CV
Technology?
• Soon, connected vehicles will be built with 5G receivers and transmitters.

• A 5G module will allow connected vehicles to communicate with each other in


near real-time.

• For example, two cars going in opposite directions could share road conditions
based on where they’ve just been.

• One of the most interesting IoT use cases is that connected vehicles can transmit
data about how they’re driving.
For example:

• Self-driving cars will communicate their position, which will allow them to drive
side by side safely as well as merge at high speeds.

• Connected vehicles will communicate at stoplights and stop signs to determine


which vehicle has the right of way.

• A vehicle will also be able to connect to a city’s network to find parking, locate a
business or residence, or avoid areas with construction or congestion.

• Most importantly, the dramatic reduction in latency will enable the key reason for
connected vehicle technology, which is to prevent accidents and collisions,
primarily at city intersections.
Evolution of Car Connectivity and
User Perceived Value
• SoS services
• Last mile guidance
• Breakdown support
• Infotainment- access to cloud and home media, music, video, live
stream
• Traffic information
• Smartphone integration
• Tracking
• Remote services: steer car, restrict car usage, vehicle health
monitoring
• Call for help: automatic or manual e-call, crisis call
• Augmented reality navigation
• Self-driving cars
• Over-the-air tuning: prevent future car hackings
Limitations/Concerns
• As Tesla has shown, self-driving cars can generally do okay on highways and other
roads that don’t have complex obstacles.

• However, today, autonomous vehicles do not safely navigate difficult intersections


and other obstacle-ridden areas in dense cities.

• With enough sensors and cameras, and the high-speed, low-latency


communications that 5G networks will deliver, the future IoT car will ultimately
be able to navigate safely through these difficult zones
Internal On-Board Usage for CV
Technology
• Internally, a connected vehicle is designed to connect to a driver’s or passenger’s
smartphone, to vastly increase the functionality beyond playing music or routing
a phone call through the car’s speakers.
For example:
• The connected vehicle can be turned on or off with a smartphone.

• The vehicle can share diagnostic data and remind the owner about
upcoming service requirements, such as oil changes.

• If the vehicle is stolen, it can share its location.

• The owner can use an app to flash its headlights in the parking lot so
that the car stands out.
Communication Backbone for CV
• The infrastructure supporting smart city and automotive IoT initiatives like
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) will help connected vehicle systems to
reach their full potential.

• Today, these deployments use sensors, cameras and RFID readers to monitor
intersections and roadways to identify congestion, automatically reroute traffic,
identify distances to various destinations and update signage.

• And public safety will improve, as intersections become safer for pedestrians and
cyclists, and adaptive traffic lighting enables emergency responders to get to
accident scenes faster.
ITS and Future Traffic Management
• As networks continue to advance and AI
capabilities improve, the capabilities of
traffic management systems will continue
to advance as well.

• For example, they will be able to monitor


traffic in real-time and use historical data
to identify where traffic build-up is likely
before it happens.

• Smart cities are deploying these systems


for their excellent traffic management
capabilities today, and their more
sophisticated connected vehicle
capabilities tomorrow.
• Today, Digi cellular routers are providing the mission critical communications for
these deployments, with over 20,000 intersections installed at this writing.

• With Gigabit Ethernet speeds, multiple ports, and compute power, Digi
transportation routers are IoT solutions that provide the needed speed,
computing power and connectivity to manage the full range of devices at work in
today's complex traffic management scenarios while paving the way for the
connected vehicle future.

• Most importantly, cities can deploy these systems today to dramatically improve
the effectiveness of their entire traffic management system while reducing the
cost and complexity of their infrastructure and preparing for the next generation
of connected vehicle

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